326 INSECTA. 
eyes of the males are always very large and approximated or con- 
tiguous. 
Here, as in the preceding subgenus, the head is destitute of ocelli; 
the eyes of the females are emarginated on the inner side, in the form 
of a crescent. 
Smuuium, Lat. Meiqg.—Curex, Len.—Ruaaio, Fab., 
Where the antennz are somewhat hooked at the end, and hence 
the name of Atractocera, first given to this subgenus by Meigen. 
They are very small Insects, frequent low, wet woods, and annoy us 
by the severity of their bite. They sometimes penetrate into the 
genital organs of cattle and kill them. They, as well as the Culices, 
have been called Musquetoes *. 
There, the three ocelli are distinct. 
One single subgenus approaches Simulium in the lunated eyes of 
the females, and is distinguished from all others of this division by 
its very small palpi, that present but one distinct joint. It is the 
Scarnopse, Geoff., Meig., [llig. 
One species of this subgenus, the 
S. latrinarum ; Tipula latrinarum, De Geer, is very common 
in privies, particularly in autumn f. 
Penruetaia, Meig., 
Where the eyes are entire and separated in both sexes. The legs 
are long and destitute of spines }. 
Ditoruus, Meig.—Himrea, Fab., 
Fermerly confounded with the Bibiones; the eyes are contiguous in 
the males, and occupy nearly the whole head. A range of small spines 
crowns the extremity of their anterior tibiee §. 
Finally, the last of the floral Tipularize have but eight or nine 
joints in their antennze. ‘Those species, in which they consist of 
nine, forming an almost cylindrical and perfoliate club, compose the 
subgenus 
Biro, Geoff., Meig.— Hirtea, Fab. 
The Bibiones are heavy Insects, fly but seldom, and remain a long 
time in coitu. Some, very common in the gardens of France, have - 
received names which indicate the time of their appearance; such 
are the Mouches de St. Marc, Mouches de St. Jean. The two sexes 
very often differ greatly as to colour, as is observed in the 
B.hortulana; Tipula hortulana, L., the female; F. marci, 
L., the male; Geoff., Ins., I], xix, 3. The male is all black; the 
thorax of the female is a cherry-red, her abdomen yellowish-red, 
and the rest of her body black. Very common on flowers in ~ 
the spring. 
It is thought that these Insects gnaw the buds of plants. Their 
* Lat., Gen. Crust. Insect,, 1V, 262. 
7 Lat., Meig., Fab. 
t See Meigen. 
§ Meig., Ibid. 
