GILMorE] TAXONOMIC LIST OF PLANTS 63 
PARMELIACEAE 
PAaRMELIA BORRERI Turn. Lichen. 
Cha" wiziye (Dakota). 
UsNEACEAE 
Usnea BARBATA Hoffm. Lichen. 
Cha" wiziye (Dakota). 
This lichen and the preceding one are by the Dakota used in the 
same way and given the same name. They were used to make a 
yellow dye for porcupine quills; for this purpose the lichens were 
boiled and the quills dipped in the resulting liquid. 
EQUISETACEAE 
Eautsetum sp. Horsetail, Scouring Rush, Snakegrass, Joint Rush. 
Marde idhe shnaha (Omaha-Ponca), “ to-make-a-bow-smooth ” 
(matde, bow; shnaha, to smooth; idhe carries the idea of pur- 
pose or use). Designated also shangga wathate because horses 
(shangga) eat it with avidity. 
Pakarut. (Pawnee). 
It was used by these tribes for polishing, as we use sandpaper. 
Winnebago children sometimes made whistles of the stems, but the 
older people warned them not to do so lest snakes should come. 
PINACEAE CONIFERS 
Pinus MurRAYANA Oreg. Com. Lodgepole Pine. 
Wazi (Dakota). 
While not indigenous to Nebraska, this tree was known and prized 
for use as tipi poles. The tribes of eastern Nebraska made trips to 
obtain it in its habitat or traded for it with their western neighbors. 
JUNIPERUS VIRGINIANA L. Cedar. - 
Hante or ante sha (Dakota) ; sha, “ red.” 
Maazi (Omaha-Ponca). 
Tawatsaako (Pawnee). 
The fruits are known as Jiante itika, “cedar eggs.” The fruits 
and leaves were boiled together and the decoction was used internally 
for coughs. It was given to horses also as a remedy for coughs. 
For a cold in the head twigs were burned and the smoke inhaled, the 
burning twigs and the head being enveloped in a blanket. Because 
the cedar tree is sacred to the mythical thunderbird, his nest being 
“in the cedar of the western mountains,” cedar boughs were put on 
