14 BUREAU OF AMERICAN BTHNOLOGY 
A large fort, with well-preserved walls, occupies a low 
limestone ridge east of Williamson Valley, above the trail 
from Del Rio westward, and commanding a view of the 
valley west of Jerome. This fort is typical of the trin- 
cheras that appear more and more frequently as one pro- 
ceeds westward from the upper Verde. Several incon- 
spicuous ruins, hitherto undescribed, were found in Wil- 
liamson Valley, those situated on the hills belonging to the 
fortification type, while those in the valleys consist merely 
of low mounds of stone and other débris. 
Proceeding westward from Chino Valley, many inter- 
esting ruins were observed along the valley of Walnut 
Creek, referred to in Lieut. A. W. Whipple’s report of 
1853 as Pueblo Valley, once noted as the site of old Camp 
Hualapai. This vale, from Aztec Pass to the point where 
the creek is lost in the sands of Williamson Valley, was 
extensively tilled in prehistoric times, as is attested by 
the well-marked remains of ancient irrigation ditches. 
Characteristic petroglyphs were also found in Walnut 
Valley. 
As elsewhere in this region, two types of ruins were ob- 
served in Walnut Valley, namely, (1) extensive stone 
fortifications with massive walls crowning the hilltops on 
both sides of the valley and commanding a wide view, and 
(2), on the low terraces bordering the stream, clusters 
of small mounds constituting the remains of farm- 
houses, upright posts supporting walls of wattling plas- 
tered with mud like the jacales of the Mexicans and eyvi- 
dently identical in their general character with the dwell- 
ings of certain Yuman tribes. Among the best preserved 
of the forts, called ‘‘ pueblos ’’? by Whipple, are those near 
Aztee Pass and at Drew’s ranch, Shook’s ranch, and Peter 
Marx’s ranch, while others are found farther down Wal- 
nut Creek. No traces of terraced pueblo dwellings were 
seen in this region. 
In order to shed further light on the relations of the two 
types of ruins described, Doctor Fewkes made an examina- 
tion of the ancient remains along the Agua Fria and near 
