GILMORE] TAXONOMIC LIST OF PLANTS Teal 
LiIviacEArE 
Axirum MuTABILE Michx. Wild Onion. 
Pshi (Dakota). 
Marzho"ka-mantanaha (Omaha-Ponca). 
Shithop (Winnebago). 
Osidiwa (Pawnee). 
Since the introduction of the cultivated onion the wild onion is 
known to the Pawnee as Osidiwa tsitschiks, “ native osidiwa.” 
All the species of wild onion found within their habitat were used 
for food by the Nebraska tribes, commonly raw and fresh as a relish, 
sometimes cooked as a flavor for meat and soup, also fried. 
EryTHRONIUM MESOocHOREUM Knerr and E. ausipum Nutt. Spring 
Lily, Snake Lily. (PI. 6.) 
Hedte-shutsh (Winnebago). 
I was informed by Winnebago that children ate them raw with 
avidity when freshly dug in springtime. 
Lizrum umBetiatum Pursh. 
The flowers of this plant, pulverized or chewed: were applied by 
the Dakota as an antidote for the bites of a certain small poisonous 
brown spider. It is said to relieve the inflammation and swelling 
immediately. 
Yucca erauca Nutt. Soapweed, Spanish Bayonet, Dagger Weed. 
(BISMGsS5) 
Hupestula (Dakota). 
Duwaduwa-hi (Omaha-Ponca). 
Chakida-hahtsu or Chakila-kahtsu (Pawnee). 
The root was used by the Pawnee and Omaha in the smoke treat- 
ment. By all the tribes the root was used like soap, especially for 
washing the hair. On the high treeless plains the Teton Dakota, 
for want of wood for fire-drills, utilized yucca. The hard, sharp- 
pointed blades were bound together with sinew to make the drill, and 
the stem, peeled and dried, was used as the hearth of the fire-making 
apparatus, just as punk was used in the timbered regions. 
Yucca leaves were macerated till the fibers were cleared, and, 
with the sharp, hard point of the leaf still attached, were twined 
into thread. The sharp point was used as a needle. 
SmiLax HERBACEA L. Jacob’s Ladder. 
Toshunuk akunshke (Winnebago), “otter armlet” (foshunuk. 
otter; akiunshke, armlet). 
The fruits were eaten at times by the Omaha for their pleasant. 
taste. They were said to be effectual in relieving hoarseness. 
