74 USES OF PLANTS BY INDIANS [ETH. ANN. 33 
the place of interment, young men, friends of the family of the de- 
ceased, appeared at the lodge to accompany the funeral party to the 
grave. They made parallel gashes in the skin of the forearm, and 
lifting the skin between these gashes, they thrust in the stems of 
willow twigs; leaving these thus depending from the arm, the twigs 
were soon bathed in the blood of the young men, who thus attested 
to the living their sympathy and condolence, while they sang the 
tribal Song to the Spirit. This song is one of joyful cadence rather 
than mournful, because it is a song of cheer to the departing spirit, 
while their blood and tears manifest their sympathetic feeling for the 
bereaved 
JUGLANDACEAE 
Jucians nicra L. Black Walnut. 
Hma (Dakota); Teton dialect, gma; also by the Teton Dakota 
called cha"-sapa, black wood. 
Tdage (Omaha-Ponea). Tdage-hi, walnut tree. 
Chak (Winnebago). Chak-hu, walnut tree. 
Sahtaku (Pawnee). 
The nuts were used for food and a black dye was made from the 
root. The black walnut (¢dage) is mentioned in the myth of “ Ish- 
tinike and the Four Creators.”1 For food the nuts were eaten plain 
or served with honey, or made into soup. 
Hicorra ovata (Mill.) Britton. Hickory Nut. 
Cha"su (Dakota). Cha"su-hu, hickory tree. 
No"si (Omaha-Ponca). No"si-hi, hickory tree. 
Pa"ja (Winnebago), nut. Pa"ja-hu, nut tree. 
Sahpakskiisu (Pawnee), skull nut, from the resemblance of the 
nut (saht, nut; pakskiisu, skull). 
The nuts were used for food in the same way as walnuts. Sugar 
was made from the sap as from Acer species, and also by boiling 
hickory chips. 
BrTULACEAE 
Coryius AMErTcANA Walt. Hazelnut. 
Uma (Dakota). Uma-hu, hazel bush. 
Uzhinga (Omaha-Ponea). U*zhinga-hi, hazel bush. 
Huksik (Winnebago). 
The nuts were used for food as were other nuts, being eaten raw 
with honey, or used as body for soup. 
1Dorsey, fegiha Language, p. 556. 
