GILMORE] TAXONOMIC LIST OF PLANTS 77 
Houmuuvs americana Nutt. Hops. 
Cha" iyuwe (Dakota), but this only means twining, @ywwe, on a 
tree, cha". Since its European use in connection with yeast has 
become known to them they call it walpe onapolye; walipe, 
“leaves”; onapolkye, “to puff up.” 
Maka" skithe (Omaha-Ponca), “sweet medicine.” Since learning 
its leavening use it is called in that connection wiunabihu. 
The Teton Dakota steeped the fruits to make a drink to allay 
fevers and intestinal pains. A part of the root down 3 or 4 feet in 
the ground was called maka" shithe, “sweet medicine”; this was 
chewed and applied to wounds, either alone or in combination with 
the root of Physalis lanceolata, “ the crooked medicine,” and that of 
Anemone canadensis, “the little buffalo medicine.” 
URrrIcACEAE 
Urtica cractuis Ait. Nettle. 
Hanuga-hi or manazhiha-hi (Omaha-Ponca). 
The dried stalks were crumpled in the hands or gently pounded 
with a stone to free the fiber from the woody part. The first method 
was more common. The fiber of nettles was used by Nebraska tribes 
for spinning twine and cordage. Rope of this fiber was generally 
used to hobble horses. It was also used to weave into cloth. It is 
said that cloth of this fiber was used in the Sacred Bundle of the 
Tent of War. 
Small boys gathered the fiber of this plant to use as wadding for 
their popguns. 
POLYGON ACEAE 
Rumex crispeus L. Sour Dock. 
Shiakipi (Dakota). 
Among the Teton Dakota the green leaves, crushed, were bound 
on boils to draw out the suppuration. The Omaha boiled the leaves 
for food as white people do. This plant is naturalized from Europe. 
Roumex HYMENOsEPALUS Torr. Canaigre. 
Kahts-pirakari or kahts-pilakari (Pawnee), “medicine with many 
children” (kahtsu, medicine; pira or pila, children; hari, 
many), so called because of the sweet-potato-like roots clustered 
at the base of the stem. F 
The plant is found indigenous in sandy slopes of river valleys in 
the region of the Wichita Mountains of Oklahoma and southwest- 
ward. Since the allotment of their lands in severalty, the Wichita 
and Pawnee are bringing this plant into cultivation. The root is 
used as a remedy for diarrhea. 
