100 USES OF PLANTS BY INDIANS [BTH. ANN. 33 
Haz-ni-hu (Winnebago), “water-fruit bush” (haz, fruit; ni, 
water; hu, plant, tree, bush). 
Nuppikt (Pawnee), “sour top.” 
In the fall when the leaves turned red they were gathered and 
dried for smoking by all the tribes. Omaha and Winnebago both 
said the roots were used to make a yellow dye. Among the Pawnee 
the fruits were boiled to make a remedy for dysmenorrhea and also 
for bloody flux. An Omaha medicine-man, White Horse, said the 
fruits were boiled to make a styptic wash to stop hemorrhage in 
women after parturition, and that a decoction of the root was used 
to drink in case of retention of urine and when urination was pain- 
ful. An Omaha said that a poultice made by bruising the leaves was 
applied wet in case of poisoning of the skin, as by some irritant 
vegetal oil. In case the leaves could not be had the fruits were soaked 
and bruised, the application being kept moist with the water in which 
the fruits had been soaked. 
TOXICODENDRON TOXICODENDRON (L.) Britton. Poison Oak, Poison 
Ivy. 
Hthi-wathe-hi (Omaha-Ponca), “ plant that makes sore” (Jithi, 
sore; wathe, to make; 7, plant, bush, tree, any plant body). 
The people knew and dreaded the poisonous effects of this plant, 
but I did not learn of any use for it, nor of any antidote for its 
poison. 
ACERACEAE 
Acer saccHaruM Marsh. Hard Maple. 
Cha"-ha sa” (Dakota), “ pale-bark” (cha"-ha, bark; sa”, pale or 
whitish). 
Na"-sa"k (Winnebago), “ pure or genuine wood” (na", wood; sa"k, 
real, genuine). 
This species was used in Minnesota by the Santee Dakota. Since 
their removal to Nebraska in 1866 they have made use of the next 
species. 
Acer saccHartnum L. Soft Maple. 
Tahado (Dakota). 
Wenu-shabethe-hi (Omaha-Ponca), “ tree to dye black.” 
Wissep-hu (Winnebago), “tree to dye black.” 
All the tribes made sugar from the soft maple. The Dakota word 
for sugar is cha"ha"pi, literally “wood” or “tree juice” (ha"pi, 
juice). The Omaha word is zho"ni (zho", wood or tree; nz, water). 
The Pawnee word for sugar, nakits, is also compounded of their 
words for “tree” (nakis) and “water” (kiitsw). From these exam- 
ples it appears that the etymology of the word for “sugar” in the 
