GILMORE] TAXONOMIC LIST OF PLANTS 1038 
MALvaceAr 
CALLIRRHOE INvoLucrATA (T. & G.) A. Gray. Purple Mallow. 
Short Bull, a half Brulé, half Oglala, called this plant Pezhuta 
natiazilia, “ smoke treatment medicine ” (pezhuta, medicine; na"tia- 
zilia having reference to its use to produce smoke for medical use). 
Fast Horse, an Oglala, called it pezhuta, “ medicine.” 
Among the Teton Dakota this plant was used for the smoke treat- 
ment. The dried root having been comminuted and fired, the smoke 
was inhaled for cold in the head, and aching parts were bathed in it. 
The root was boiled, the decoction being drunk for internal pains. 
Matvastrum coccrnrum (Pursh) A. Gray. Red False Mallow. 
Heyoka ta pezhuta (Dakota), ‘“ medicine of the heyoka” (pezhuta, 
medicine; heyoka, a dramatic order among the Dakota; éa, the 
genitive sign). 
This plant possesses to a large degree the mucilaginous property 
which is in some degree common to all species of this family. On ac- 
count of this property the Dakota heyoka utilized it by chewing it.to 
a paste, which was rubbed over hands and arms, thus making them 
immune to the effect of scalding water, so that to the mystification 
and wonderment of beholders these men were able to take up pieces 
of hot meat out of the kettle over the fire. 
The plant was also chewed and applied to inflamed sores and 
wounds as a cooling and healing salve. 
VIOLACEAE 
VIOLA sP. 
Among the Omaha children violets were used in playing a game. 
In springtime a group of children would gather a quantity of violets; 
then, dividing into two equal parties, one party took the name of 
their own nation and the other party took another, as for instance 
Dakota. The two parties sat down facing each other, and each 
player snapped violets with his opponent till one or the other had 
none remaining. The party having the greater number of violets 
remaining, each party having had an equal number at the beginning, 
was the victor and playfully taunted the other as being poor fighters. 
LoASACEAE 
Nurtraty1a Nupa (Pursh) Greene. 
Toka hupepe (Dakota). 
The stems, after being stripped of their leaves, were pounded to 
extract the gummy yellow juice. This was applied externally as a 
remedy for fever after it had been boiled and strained. 
