106 USES OF PLANTS BY INDIANS [ETH. ANN. 33 
he had seen many of the great men of all time, more than he could 
remember. 
ELAEAGN ACEAE 
LEPARGYREA ARGENTEA (Nutt.) Greene. Buffalo-berry. (PI. 20, b.) 
Mashtitcha-puté (Dakota), “rabbit-nose” (mashticha, rabbit; 
puté, nose). 
Zho"-hoje-wazhide (Omaha-Ponea), or wazhide luta, gray waz- 
hide, 
Haz-shutz (Winnebago), “ red-fruit ” (haz, fruit; shutz, red). 
Laritsits (Pawnee). 
The fruits are used fresh in season and are dried for winter use. 
The fruit was ceremonially used in feasts given in honor of a girl 
arriving at puberty. Padus nana was ordinarily used, but Lepar- 
gyrea might be substituted. This was a custom among the Dakota. 
ARALIACEAE 
Panax Quinquerotium L. Ginseng. 
A Pawnee gave the information that ginseng roots in composition 
with certain other substances were used as a love charm. From 
various individuals the information was gathered bit by bit severally 
and adduced, showing that the four species of plants used in com- 
pounding this love charm were Aquilegia canadensis, Lobelia cardi- 
nalis, Cogswellia daucifolia, and Panax quinquefolium or possibly a 
species of Ligusticum. Specimens of the latter were not in hand, but 
informants spoke of it as Angelica. They had become acquainted 
with Angelica of the pharmacists and probably mistook it for their 
own native Ligusticum. It is possible that various combinations 
of four plants might have been used, but it appears certain that 
Aquilegia canadensis and Cogswellia daucifolia were considered 
most potent. The parts used were seeds of Aguilegia and Cogs- 
wellia, dried roots of Panax, and dried roots and flowers of Lobelia 
cardinalis. With these vegetal products was mingled red-earth 
paint. The possession of these medicines was supposed to invest 
the possessor with a property of attractiveness to all persons, in 
spite of any natural antipathy which might otherwise exist. When 
to these were added hairs obtained by stealth through the friendly 
offices of an amiably disposed third person from the head of the 
woman who was desired, she was unable to resist the attraction 
and soon yielded to the one who possessed the charm. 
1 Dorsey, Siouan Cults, p. 483. 
