GILMORE] TAXONOMIC LIST OF PLANTS ill 
Hewiantuus ruserosus L. Jerusalem Artichoke. (PI. 30, b.) 
Patgi (Dakota). 
Parle (Omaha-Ponca). 
Pathi (Winnebago). 
Kisu-sit (Pawnee) ; kisu, tapering; sit, long. 
The people of all the Nebraska tribes say they never cultivated 
this plant, though they used its tubers for food. The Pawnee say 
they ate them only raw, but the others, according to their own state- 
ment, ate them either raw or boiled or roasted. 
Champlain reports seeing Helianthus tuberosus under cultivation 
by Indians near Cape Cod in 1605 and again at Gloucester in 1606." 
Rartipipa conpumnartis (Sims) D. Don. 
Watlicha-zi chikala (Dakota), little wakcha-zi (chikala, little). 
An Oglala said the leaves and cylindrical heads of this plant were 
used to make a beverage like tea. 
Ecurinacea AncustirotiA DC. Narrow-leaved Purple Cone Flower, 
Comb Plant. (PI. 30, a.) 
Ichalipe-hu (Dakota), “ whip plant ” (échalipe, whip). 
Mika-hi (Omaha-Poncea), “ comb plant ” (mzka, comb) ; also called 
thigahai, to comb; also called i"shtogalite-hi, referring to its use 
for an eye-wash (@"shta, eye). 
Ksapitahako (Pawnee), from zksa, hand; pitahako, to whirl. The 
name refers to its use by children in play when they take two 
stalks of it and whirl one round the other, the two stalks touch- 
ing by the two heads. Also called Saparidu kahts, mushroom 
medicine, so called from the form of the head, compared to a 
mushroom (saparidu). 
This plant was universally used as an antidote for snake bite and 
other venomous bites and stings and poisonous conditions, Lchi- 
nacea seems to have been used as a remedy for more ailments than 
any other plant. It was employed in the smoke treatment for head- 
ache in persons and distemper in horses. It was used also as a 
remedy for toothache, a piece being kept on the painful tooth until 
there was relief, and for enlarged glands, as in mumps. It was 
said that jugglers bathed their hands and arms in the juice of this 
plant so that they could take out a piece of meat from a boiling kettle 
with the bare hand without suffering pain, to the wonderment of 
onlookers. A Winnebago said he had often used the plant to make 
his mouth insensible to heat, so that for show he could take a live 
coal into his mouth. Burns were bathed with the juice to give relief 
from the pain, and the plant was used in the steam bath to render 
the great heat endurable. 
1Champlain’s Voyages, pp. 82, 112. 
