MORRIS] THE CLIFF-RUINS OF JOHNSON CANYON fal 
of dwelling rooms, kiva, and refuse heap found in buildings in the 
open is not preserved here, since by force of necessity the builders 
were compelled to conform their plans to the site upon which they 
built. The ruin is a “ unit-type ” dwelling adapted to a special site. 
It presents all the essential features: A kiva subterranean in signifi- 
cance if not in fact, and a series of chambers, part of them living 
rooms, and the rest used for storage purposes. It seems that the 
ratio here presented is: Living rooms, 11; storeroom, 1; kiva, 1. 
However, certain of the 11 rooms may have been, and probably 
, Were, used as storerooms. From the broken pottery strewn down the 
slope below, it appears that the refuse was cast over the cliff. It is 
impossible to say what disposition was made of the dead. 
Ruin No. 5—There are four other ruins in Lion Canyon worthy 
of mention. Following the base of the rim rock 10 minutes’ wall 
from Eagle Nest House one arrives at the site of Ruin No. 5. This 
stands under a high but shallow arch, which does not protect all 
parts of it from the elements.. Four rooms exhibiting very good 
masonry stand at the foot of the cliff, and the presence of large 
quantities of worked stone, as well as of roof beams and floor beams, 
scattered down the slope indicates that these rooms represent but a 
small part of the original building. The one kiva visible is at the 
northern end of the cave. Rains have beaten in upon it until the 
walls are denuded of plaster and mortar, and it is more than half 
full of débris from the walls and roofs of neighboring rooms. The 
parts which extend above the wreckage indicate that this kiva varies 
in no particular from the one just described. 
Some 20 feet above the lower ruin a ledge extends around the 
entire are of the cave. At the south end, where this is slightly 
broader than at any other part of its length, stands a cluster of 10 or 
11 rooms. From these a rough, mortarless wall continues to the 
north end of the crevice. It is probable that the inhabitants of the 
lower dwelling intended to add to the house begun at the south end 
and hoisted the rack of loose stone to the ledge for that purpose. 
Ruin No. 6—This ruin (pl. 36), the largest cliff dwelling in John- 
son Canyon or any of its tributaries, is on the same side of the canyon, 
a few hundred yards above Ruin No. 5. The lodse and unstable 
condition of the detritus upon which it is built and the easy approach 
to the ruin account for its deplorable condition. It extends along 
the cliff for more than 200 feet and contains 6 traceable kivas and 
31 rectangular rooms. The floor of the cave is very uneven and the 
walls have been built around and upon detached masses of stone, in 
many cases on sloping surfaces, with great care and considerable 
skill. In places they rise to a height of three stories, and marks on 
1Fewkes, Bull. 41, Amer. Ethn., p. 8. 
