MORRIS ] THE CLIFF-RUINS OF JOHNSON CANYON net 
rock, also obtained from the gravel in the stream beds. Corn was 
reduced by being rubbed between the two stones. No true milling 
rooms, in which the metates are arranged in bins, as are described 
by Dr. Fewkes,1 were found in Johnson Canyon. It is probable, 
however, that these once existed, but were rendered undistinguishable 
by those who sacked the ruins in an undiscriminating search for 
relics, 
Awes.—The axes are small and well sharpened. The one shown 
in plate 34, a, illustrates the characteristic method of hafting. The 
grooves are not bounded by ridges or ferrules. The beveled edges 
were secured by long-continued rubbing upon the blocks and ledges 
of sandstone about the caves, in many of which are considerable 
depressions worn in this way. No hammers or mauls were collected. 
Potlids and Griddles—Round stone slabs which functioned as lids 
for jars were found in considerable numbers. The two ollas shown 
in plate 39 had covers of this type when found. 
In room 11 of Eagle Nest House were the fragments of a thin 
rectangular slab, polished as smooth as glass on one side, and burned 
to a glossy black. It seems evident that it was a griddle upon which 
meal cakes were fried. The Zufi use, or did use until very recently, 
a similar stone for this purpose, the interesting preparation of which 
is described by Mrs. Stevenson.? 
BONE IMPLEMENTS 
The collection of bone implements consists of needles, scrapers, and 
a knife (pl. 45). The pointed instruments were made from the bones 
of birds and mammals. These were sharpened in the same manner 
as were the axes. The scrapers are parts of large mammal bones, 
the trochanters having served as handles. In each case the shaft 
of the bone was cut across diagonally, and the edge thus left was 
worn smooth. The knife is a flat piece of bone with sharpened 
point and edges. Probably it was set in a wooden handle. 
WOODEN OBJECTS 
The articles of wood are shown in plate 44. A represents an 
object of unknown use similar to the one Dr. Fewkes calls a billet.* 
One of these was found in each of the kivas excavated. B is a hoop 
of willow bound together with yucca, which may have been used in 
the hoop-and-pole game.* Cis a digging stick of extremely heavy 
wood. The blunt end is shaped to afford a comfortable grip for the 
1 Bull, 51, Bur. Amer, Ethn., p. 37. 
*The Zuni Indians, pp. 361-362. 
3 Bull. 51, Bur. Amer. Ethn., p. 73. 
* Bull. 41, Bur. Amer, Ethn., p. 50. 
74936°—_19—33 E1H 12 
