218 DESIGNS ON HOPI POTTERY [BTH. ANN. 33 
different from that of the epochs that preceded it. The symbolism 
of this phase is easily determined from large collections now in 
museums. This epoch was succeeded in 1895 by a fourth, in which 
there was a renaissance of old Sikyatki patterns, under the lead of 
Nampeo. In that year Nampeo visited the excavations at Sik- 
yatki and made pencil copies of the designs on mortuary bowls. 
From that time all pottery manufactured by her was decorated with 
modified Sikyatki symbols, largely to meet the demand for this 
beautiful ancient ware. The extent of her work, for which there was 
a large demand, may be judged by the great numbers of Hopi bowls 
displayed in every Harvey store from New Mexico to California. 
This modified Sikyatki ware, often sold by unscrupulous traders as 
ancient, is the fourth, or present, epoch of Hopi ceramics. These 
clever imitations, however, are not as fine as the productions of the 
second epoch. There is danger that in a few years some of Nampeo’s 
imitations will be regarded as ancient Hopi ware of the second epoch, 
and more or less confusion introduced by the difficulty in dis- 
tinguishing her work from that obtained in the ruins. 
THE RUIN, SIKYATKI 
The ruins of the ancient pueblo of Sikyatki, consisting of mounds 
and a few outcropping walls, are situated on rocky elevations rising 
from the sand hills at the eastern or sunny base of the Kast Mesa, 
about 3 miles from the modern Hopi pueblo of Walpi in northeast- 
ern Arizona. The founders of Sikyatki are said, in very circum- 
stantial migration legends, to have belonged to a | Keres?] clan called 
the Kokop, or Firewood, which previously lived in a pueblo near 
Jemez, New Mexico. Preliminary excavations were made at Sikyatki, 
under the author’s direction, by the Smithsonian Institution in 1895, 
when there was obtained, chiefly from its cemeteries, a valuable col- 
lection of pottery, most of which is now installed in the National 
Museum.* 
Little is known of the history of Sikyatki save through tradition, 
but enough has been discovered to show that it was abandoned before 
1540, the year of the visit to Tusayan of Pedro Tovar, an officer of 
the Coronado expedition. It was probably settled much earlier, per- 
haps about the time the Bear clans, also said to have come from the 
Jemez region, built the first houses of Walpi near the point of the 
terrace at the west or cold side of the Kast Mesa, below the present 
settlement.? Both of these prehistoric pueblos occupied sites exposed 
1A report on the field work at Sikyatki will be found in the Seventeenth Ann. Rept. 
Bur. Amer. Ethn., part 2. 
2Traces of the ancient village of Walpi at this point are still to be seen, and certain 
ancestral ceremonies are still performed here, in the New-fire rites, as elsewhere described. 
