966 DESIGNS ON HOPI POTTERY [BTH. ANN. 33 
Among many significant differences that occur between the de- 
signs on pottery from the ruins in Navaho National Monument and 
those of Sikyatki may be mentioned the rarity of bird designs and 
the conventional feathers above described. Parallel lines and tri- 
angles have been found on the pottery from Kitsiel and Betatakin. 
Terraced figures are common; spirals are rare. Pottery designs 
from this region are simpler and like those of the Mesa Verde cliff- 
houses and the ruins along the San Juan River. Not only do the 
designs on prehistoric Sikyatki pottery have little resemblance to 
those from Tokonabi, a former home of the Snake clan, but the 
pottery from this region of Arizona is of coarser texture and differ- 
ent color. It is the same as that of the San Juan area, the decora- 
tions on which are about uniform with those from the Mesa Verde 
and Chelly Canyon. The best vases and bowls are of red or black- 
and-white ware. 
In the pottery symbols of the clans that lived at Tokonabi (Kit- 
siel, Betatakin, etc.) the archaic predominated. The passage archi- 
tecturally from the fragile-walled dwelling into Prudden’s pueblo 
“unit type” had taken place, but the pottery had not yet been 
greatly modified. Even after the Snake clans moved to Wukoki, 
near the Black Falls of the Little Colorado, we still find the sur- 
vival of geometrical designs characteristic of the prepuebloan epoch. 
Consequently when the Snake clans came to Walpi and joined the 
Hopi they brought no new symbols and introduced no great changes 
in symbols. The influence of the clans from the north was slight— 
too small to greatly influence the development of Hopi symbolism. 
TANOAN EPOCH 
The Tanoan epoch in the chronology of Hopi pottery symbolism 
is markedly different from the Keresan. It began with the influx 
of Tanoan clans, either directly or by way of Zufi and the Little 
Colorado, being represented in modern times by the early creations 
of Hano women, like Nampeo. It is clearly marked and readily 
distinguished from the Sikyatki epoch, being well represented in 
eastern museums by pottery collected from Hano, the Tewan pueblo 
on the East Mesa. 
Migrations of Tanoan clans into the Hopi country began very 
early in Hopi history, but waves of colonists with Tanoan kinship 
came to Walpi at the close of the seventeenth century as a result of 
the great rebellion (1680), when the number of colonists from the 
Rio Grande pueblos was very large. The Badger, Kachina, Asa, 
and Hano clans seem to have been the most numerous and important 
in modifying sociological conditions, especially at the East Mesa of 
the Hopi. Some of these came directly to Walpi, others entered by 
