272 DESIGNS ON HOPI POTTERY [BTH. ANN. 33 
Chipias has an important bearing on the age of the Little Colorado 
ruins, for Padre Arvide, a Franciscan missionary, was killed in 1632 
by the Chipias, who lived west of Zuni. In other words, their 
pueblo was then inhabited. 
We know that the Piba joined Awatobi before 1700, or the year it 
was destroyed; consequently the desertion of the Chevlon ruin 
(Chipiaya, or Tcipiaiya) evidently occurred between 1632 and 1700, 
Fic. 107.—Two birds with rain clouds. 
not so much on account of Apache inroads as from fear of punish- 
ment by the Spaniards. As no clans from the other large pueblo on 
the Little Colorado or Homolobi joined Awatobi, we can not defi- 
nitely fix the date that this group fled to the north, but it was prob- 
ably not long after the time the Chevlon clans migrated to Awatobi, 
from which it follows that the Little Colorado settlements were in- 
habited up to the middle of the seventeenth century. While the 
1Jt is known from an inscription on El Morro that a punitive expedition to avenge the 
death of Father Letrado was sent out under Lujan in the spring of 1632, hence the guilty 
inhabitants may have abandoned their settlement and departed for Hopi at about that 
time. 
