BECKWITH] NOTES ON THE TEXT 627 
”The Hawaiian flute is believed to be of ancient origin. It is made of a 
bamboo joint pierced with holes and blown through the nose while the right 
hand plays the stops. The range is said to comprise five notes. The name 
Kanikawi means “ changing sound” and is the same as that given to Kaponohu’s 
supernatural spear. 
CuaPTteR XX 
* At the accession of a new chief in Hawaii the land is redistributed among 
his followers. 
=The names of Malio and Halaaniani are still to be found in Puna. Ellis 
(1825) notes the name Malio as one of three hills (evidently transformed 
demigods), which, according to tradition, joined at the base to block an immense 
flow of lava at Pualaa, Puna. Off the coast between Kalapana and Kahawalea 
lies a rock shaped like a headless human form and called Halaaniani, although 
its legend retains no trace of the Puna rascal. 
CHAPTER XXI 
©The huia is a specially high wave formed by the meeting of two crests, and 
is said to be characteristic of the surf at Kaipalaoa, Hawaii. 
* Kumukahi is a bold cape of black lava on the extreme easterly point of the 
group. Beyond this cape stretches the limitless, landless Pacific. Against its 
fissured sides seethes and booms the swell from the ocean, in a dash of foaming 
spray. Piles of rocks mark the visits of chiefs to this sacred spot, and tombs 
of the dead abut upon its level heights. A visitor to this spot sees a magnificent 
horizon circling the wide heavens, hears the constant boom of the tides pulling 
across the measureless waters. It is one of the noteworthy places of Puna, 
often sung in ancient lays. 
CHarPTeR XXII 
® The name of Laieikawai occurs in no old chants with which I am familiar. 
But in the story of Umi, the mother of his wife, Piikea, is called Laielohelohe. 
She is wife of Piilani and has four children who “ have possession on the edge 
of the tabu,” of whom Piikea is the first-born, and the famous rival chiefs of 
Maui, Lonopili, and Kihapiilani, are the next two; the last is Kalanilonoakea, 
who is described in the chant quoted by Fornander as white-skinned and 
wearing a white loin cloth. Umi’s wife is traditionally descended from the 
Spaniards wrecked on the coast of Hawaii (see Lesson). The “Song of 
Creation”? repeats the same genealogy and calls Laielohelohe the daughter of 
Keleanuinohoonaapiapi. In the “ninth era” of the same song Lohelohe is 
“the last one born of Lailai” and is ‘a woman of dark skin,” -who lived in 
Nuumealani. 
To preserve the umbilical cord in order to lengthen the life of a child was 
one of the first duties of a guardian. J. S. Emerson says that the piko was 
saved in a bottle or salted and wrapped in tapa until a suitable time came 
to deposit it in some sacred place. Such a depository was to be found on 
Oahu, according to Westervelt, in two rocks in the Nuuanu valley, the trans- 
formed moo women, Hauola and Haupuu. In Hawaii, in Puna district, on 
the north and. south boundaries of Apuki, lie two smooth lava mounds whose 
surfaces are marked with cup hollows curiously ringed. Pictographs cover 
other surfaces. These are named Puuloa and Puumanawalea, or “ Hill of long 
life” and ‘‘ Hill that brings together with rejoicing,’ and the natives tell me 
that within their own lifetime pilgrimages have been made to this spot to deposit 
the piko within some hollow, cover it with a stone, and thus insure long life 
to the newborn infant. 
