OF THE BUREAU OF ETHNOLOGY. XXXI 
of the masonry have been greatly exaggerated by earlier ex- 
plorers. Close examination reveals ignorance on the part of 
the builders of some of the simplest principles of construction. 
Several ruins not previously known were surveyed and others 
were visited. Late in the season the party platted the pueblo 
of Jemez, situated upon the river of the same name. 
At various times during the progress of the field work stud- 
ies were made of the more primitive Navajo architecture, and 
many sketches and diagrams were prepared illustrating the 
Navajo system of framing their ‘“hogans,” or conical wood and 
earth houses. Several photographs of typical examples were 
taken. : 
Mr. Cosmos Mindeleff left Washington for the field Sep- 
tember 1 and returned February 23. He rendered general 
assistance to the party under the direction of Mr. Victor Min- 
deleff and was in immediate charge of the surveying. Ground 
plans of thirteen important ruins, in addition to sketch plans of 
a number of others of less importance, and of two inhabited 
pueblos were added to those already in the possession of the 
Bureau. The methods of surveying followed in previous years 
were continued. The plans, as a rule, are drawn to a scale of 
20 feet to 1 inch, and the drawing is finished in the field. The 
topography is in all cases indicated by contour lines of 5-foot in- 
tervals, sketched upon a basis of a number of points determined 
with the level. The ground plan is usually drawn over a 
number of points and lines located with an instrument, and 
the direction of all the walls is determined by a compass, in 
order to detect any irregularities. It was found that the regu- 
larity and symmetry of plan which characterize many published 
ground plans of ruins in the Southwest—notably, those of the 
Chaco ruins—are not justified by the facts as disclosed by a 
careful survey of the ruins themselves, though upon cursory 
examination, and even upon preliminary survey, the ground 
plans of many of them are apparently symmetric. The plans 
obtained will be published in articles now in preparation. 
