OF THE BUREAU OF ETHNOLOGY. XLV 
belts of Apache warriors. They are also worn as amulets by 
other members of the tribe. In dances for the cure of sick- 
ness the shaman applies the powder to the forehead of the 
patient, then to his breast in the figure of a cross; next he 
sprinkles it in a circle around his couch, then on the heads of 
the chanters and the assembled friends of the patient, and 
lastly upon his own head and into his own mouth. It is also 
used in other ceremonies described. Capt. Bourke points out 
the similarity between the use of the tule pollen and that of 
the kunque or sacred corn meal of the Zuni, and dwells upon 
many analogies to their practices found in both hemispheres. 
The izze-kloth is the magic cord of the Apache, which Capt. 
Bourke deseribes and illustrates with full details. He does 
not mention, however, whether the fact stated about the same 
articles used among the Zuni is true of the Apache cords, i. e., 
that they must be made of rawhide or sinew taken from a 
beast of prey or a human enemy. The cords are often deco- 
rated with beads and shells strung at intervals with pieces of 
the sacred green chalchihuitl, often called American turquoise, 
and of petrified wood, and with rock crystal, eagle down, 
claws of the hawk or eaglet or of the bear, fragments of aba- 
lone shells from the Pacific, circles of buckskin inclosing pieces 
of twigs and branches of trees which have been struck by 
lightning, and other objects of shamanistic sanctity. The use 
of these cords was reserved for the most sacred and important 
occasions, such as dances for war, for curing disease, and for 
conjuration, when every important shaman would appear with 
one of the cords hanging from his right shoulder over his left 
hip. They are also used as amulets and charms. Capt. 
Bourke associates these cords with the quipus of the Peruvians 
and the wampum of the northeastern tribes of America, and 
then proceeds with enthusiasm to discover analogies among 
nearly all the races of earth, paying special attention to the 
rosaries and belt cords of the Roman Catholic Church. Though 
some readers will hesitate to adopt all his deductions, none 
will disagree with his concluding remarks upon the necessity 
of breaking up by the exhibition of true science the sorcery 
and jugglery practices which both retard the civilization of the 
