SITUATION AND SURROUNDINGS. 
The people whose arts and industries are represented by the collec- 
tion to be deseribed are the Eskimo of the northwestern extremity of 
the continent of North America, who make permanent homes at the two 
villages of Nuwtk and Utkiavwin. Small contributions to the collec- 
tion were obtained from natives of Wainwright Inlet and from people of 
the Inland River (Nunatafmiun) who visited the northern villages. 
Nuwik, “the Point,” is situated on a slightly elevated knoll at the 
extremity of Point Barrow, in lat. 71° 23’ N., long. 156° 17’ W., and 
Utkiavwin, “the Cliffs,” at the beginning of the high land at Cape 
Smyth, 11 miles southwest from Nuwtk. The name Utkiavwin, was ex- 
plained as meaning “the high place, whence one can look out,” and was 
said to be equivalent to ikpik, a cliff. This name appears on the various 
maps of this region under several corrupted forms, due to carelessness 
or inability to catch the finer distinctions of sound. It first appears on 
Capt. Maguire’s map! as “Ot-ki-a-wing,” a form of the word very near 
the Eskimo pronunciation. On Dr. Simpson’s map? it is changed to 
“Ot-ke-a-vik,” which on the admiralty chart is misprinted “ Otkiovik.” 
Petroff on his map® ealls it ‘“Ootiwakh,” while he gives an imaginary 
village “ Ootkaiowik, Arctic Ocean,” of 55 inhabitants, in his census of 
the Arctic Division (op. cit., p. 4), which does not appear upon his map. 
Our party, I regret to say, is responsible for the name “ Ooglaamie ” or 
“Uglaamie,” which hasappeared on many mapssinceourreturn. Strictly 
speaking this name should be used only as the official name of the United 
States signal station. It arose from a misunderstanding of the name as 
heard the day after we arrived, and was even adopted by the natives in 
talking with us. It was not until the second year that we learned the 
correct form of the word, which has been carefully verified. 
The inhabitants of these two villages are so widely separated from 
their neighbors—the nearest permanent villages are at Point Belcher 
and Wainwright Inlet, 75 miles southwest, and Demarcation Point, 350 
miles easti—and so closely connected with each other by intermarriage 
and common interests, that they may be considered as a single people. 
In their hunting and trading expeditions they habitually range from the 
neighborhood of Refuge Inlet along the coast to Barter Island, going 
inland to the upper waters of the large rivers which flow northward 
into the Arctic Ocean east of Point Barrow. Small parties occasionally 
travel as far as Wainwright Inlet and more rarely to Point Hope, and 
'Parl. Reports, 1854, vol. 42, p. 186. 
2¥Further Papers, &c., Parl. Rep, (1855). 
Report on the population, ete., of Alaska. 
4Capt. E. E. Smith, who in command of a steam whaler penetrated as far east as Return Reef in the 
summer of 1885, says that the natives told him there was no permanent village west of Herschel Island. 
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