MURDOCH.) SOCIAL SURROUNDINGS—OTHER ESKIMO. 45 
winter at the northern villages. One family wintered at Nuwik in 
1881—82, and another at Utkiavwin the following winter, while a wid- 
ower of this “ tribe” was also settled there for the same winter, having 
married a widow in the village. We obtained very little definite infor- 
mation about these people except that they came from the south and 
descended the Colville River. Our investigations were rendered difficult 
by the engrossing nature of the work of the station, and the trouble 
we experienced, at first, in learning enough of the language to make 
ourselves clearly understood. Dr. Simpson was able to learn definitely 
that the homes of these people are on the Nunatak and that some of 
them visit Kotzebue Sound in the summer, while trading parties make 
a portage between the Nunatak and Colville, descending the latter 
river to the Arctic Ocean.’ I have been informed by the captain of one 
of the American whalers that he has, in different seasons, met the same 
people at Kotzebue Sound and the mouth of the Colville. We also re- 
ceived articles of Siberian tame reindeer skin from the east, which must 
have come across the country from Kotzebue Sound. 
These people differ from the northern natives in some habits, which 
will be deseribed later, and speak a harsher dialect. We were informed 
that in traveling east after passing the mouth of the Colville they came 
to the Kanmid/dlin (‘* Kangmali enyuin” of Dr. Simpson and 5 ,aer 
authors) and still further off “‘ a great distance” to the Kuptmor “ Great 
River ”—the Mackenzie—near the mouth of which is the village of the 
Kuptnmiun, whence it is but a short distance inland to the “ great 
house” (iglu’/kptk) of the white men on the great river (probably Fort 
Macpherson). Beyond this we only heard confused stories of people 
without posteriors and of sledges that run by themselves without dogs 
to draw them. We heard nothing of the country of Kitiga/ru? or of the 
stone-lamp country mentioned by Dr. Simpson.? The Kanmiadlin are 
probably, as Dr. Simpson believes, the people whose winter houses were 
seen by Franklin at Demarcation Point,! near which, at Icey Reef, Hooper 
also saw a few houses.° 
As already stated, Capt. E. E. Smith was informed by the natives 
that there is now no village farther west than Herschel Island, where 
there is one of considerable size. If he was correctly informed, this 
must be a new village, since the older explorers who passed along the 
coast found only a summer camp at this point. He also states that he 
found large numbers of ruined iglus on the outlying sandy islands 
along the coast, especially near Anxiety Point. We have scarcely any 
information about these people, as the only white men who have sec: 
them had little intercourse with them in passing along the coast.2 ‘The 
1 Op. cit., pp. 234 and 236. 
? This was the name of a girl at Nuwiik. 
3Op. cit., p. 269. 
4Second Exp., p. 142. 
6 Tents of the Tuski, p. 255. 
6 All the published information there is about them from personal observation can be found in Frank 
lin, Second Exp., p. 142; T. Simpson, Narrative, pp. 118-123; and Hooper, Tents, ete., pp. 255-257 and 
260. 
