MURDOCH. ] SOCIAL SURROUNDINGS—OTHER ESKIMO. AT 
delta, parties of whom spent the summers of 1869 and 1870 with him. 
From these parties he appears to have obtained the greater part of the 
information embodied in his Monographie and Vocabulaire, as he ex- 
plicitly states that he brought the last party to Fort Good Hope 
“autant pour les instruire a loisir que pour apprendre d’eux leur 
idiome.”! Nothing seems to me more probable than that he learned 
from these Mackenzie people the names of their neighbors of the Ander- 
son, which he had failed to obtain in his flying visits 5 years before, and 
that it is the same name, ** Kanmdt/dlin,” which we have followed from 
Norton Sound and found always applied to the people just beyond us. 
Could we learn the meaning of this word the question might be settled, 
but the only possible derivation I can see for it is from the Greenlandic 
Karmak, a wall, which throws no light apon the subject. Petitot calls 
the people of Cape Bathurst Kpagmaliveit, which appears to mean 
“the real Kanmi/dlin” (* Katmt/dlin” and the affix -vik, “ the real”). 
The Kuptnimiun appear to inhabit the permanent villages which have 
been seen near the western mouth of the Mackenzie, at Shingle Point? 
and Point Sabine,’ with an outlying village, supposed to be deserted, at 
Point Kay.*| They are the natives described by Petitot in his Mono- 
graphie as the Tapéopmeut division of the Tchiglit, to whom, from the 
reasons already stated, most of his account seems to apply. There ap- 
pears to me no reasonable doubt, considering his opportunities for ob- 
serving these people, that Tapeopmeut, “those who dwell by the sea,” 
is the name that they actually apply to themselves, and that Kupainmiun, 
or Kopagmut, ‘‘those who live on the Great River,” is a name bestowed 
upon them by their neighbors, perhaps their western neighbors alone, 
since all the references to this name seem to be traceable to the author- 
ity of Dr. Simpson. Should they apply to themselves a name of similar 
meaning, it would probably be of a different form, as, according to 
Petitot,® they call the Mackenzie Kupvik, instead of Kupaik or Kupan. - 
These are the people who visit Fort Macpherson every spring and 
summer,® and are well known to the Hudson Bay traders as the Mae- 
kenzie River Eskimo. They are the Eskimo encountered between Her- 
schel Island and the mouth of the Mackenzie by Franklin, by Dease and 
Simpson, and by Hooper and Pullen, all of whom have published brief 
notes concerning them. 
We are still somewhat at a loss for the proper local names of the last 
1 Bull. Soc. de Géog., 6° sér., vol. 10, p. 39. 
2?T. Simpson, Narrative, p. 112. 
% Hooper, Tents, etc., p. 264. 
4Thid, p. 263. 
5 Bull. Soc. de Géog., 6 sér., vol. 10, p. 182. 
® Petitot, Monographie, ete., pp. xvi and xx. 
7¥Franklin, 2d Exp., pp. 99-101, 105-110, 114-119 and 128; T. Simpson, Narrative, pp. 104-112; Hooper, 
Tents, etc., pp. 263-264. There is also a brief note by the Rev. W. W. Kirkby, in a ‘‘Journey to the 
Youcan.” Smithsonian Report for 1864. These, with Petitot’s in many respects admirable Mono- 
graphie, comprise all the information regarding these people from actual observation that has been pub- 
lished. Richardson has described them at second hand in his ‘‘Searching Expedition” and ‘Polar 
, 
Regions.’ The ‘““Kopagmute” of Petroff (Report, etc., p. 125) are a purely hypothetical people in- 
vented to fill the space between ‘'the coast people in the north and the Athabascans in the south.” 
