MURDOCH. } HAWAIIAN WORDS—ANIMALS. 55 
English, chiefly a few oaths and exclamations like “Get out of here,” 
and the words of such songs as ‘“ Little Brown Jug” and ‘‘Shoo Fly,” 
curiously distorted. They have as a rule invented genuine Eskimo 
words for civilized articles which are new to them.’ Even in their 
intimate relations with us they learned but few more phrases and in 
most cases without a knowledge of their meaning. 
There are a few Hawaiian words introduced by the Kanaka sailors on 
the whaleships, which are universally employed between whites and 
Eskimo along the whole of the Arctic coast, and occasionally at least 
among the Eskimo themselves. These are kau-kau,? food, or to eat; hana- 
hana, work; puni-pint, coitus, and pau, not. Wahine, woman, is also used, 
but is less common. Another foreign word now universally employed 
among them in their intercourse with the whites, and even, I believe, 
among themselves, is “‘kunix” for woman or wife. They themselves 
told us that it was not an Eskimo word—“ When there were no white 
men, there was no kunty”—and some of the whalemen who had been 
at Hudson Bay said it was the “Greenland” word for woman. It was 
not until our return to this country that we discovered it to be the 
Danish word kone, woman, which in the corrupted form ‘“coony” is in 
common use among the eastern Eskimo generally in the jargon they 
employ in dealing with the whites. Awnip is ‘“‘coony” with the suffix 
of the third person, and therefore means “his wife.” It is sometimes 
used at Point Barrow for either of a married couple in the sense of our 
word ‘ spouse.” 
NATURAL RESOURCES. 
ANIMALS. 
These people are acquainted with the following animals, all of which 
are more or less hunted, and serve some useful purpose. 
Mammals.—The wolf, amaxo (Canis lupus griseo-albus), is not uncom- 
mon in the interior, but rarely if ever reaches the coast. Red and black 
foxes, kaia/kttik (Vulpes fulvus fulvus and argentatus), are chiefly known 
from their skins, which are common articles in the trade with the eastern 
natives, and the same is true of the wolverine, ka/vwit (Gulo luscus), 
and the marten, kabweatyia (Mustela americana). The arctic fox, 
térigtiniy (Vulpes lagopus), is very abundant along the coast, while the 
ermine (Putorius erminea) and Parry’s spermophile (Spermophilus 
empetra empetra) are not rare. The last is called siksin. Lemmings, 
a/vwine, of two species (Cuniculus torquatus and Myodes obensis) are 
1See list of ‘‘ New Words,” Rep. Point Barrow Exp., p. 57. 
2 The history of this word, which also appears as a Chuckch word in some of the vocabularies col- 
lected by Nordenskiéld’'s expedition, is rather curious. Chamisso (Kotzebue’s Voyage, vol. 2, p. 392, 
foot-note) says that this is a Hawaiian corruption of the well-known “ Pigeon-English” (he calls it 
Chinese) word ‘‘chow-chow"’ recently (in 181617) adopted by the Sandwich Islanders from the people 
with whom they trade. I am informed that the word is not of Chinese origin, but probably came trom 
India, like many other words in ‘*Pigeon-English.’ Chamisso also calls pini-pini a Chinese word, 
but I have been able to learn nothing of its origin. 
