MURDOCH. | BIRDS. 57 
a few only remaining to breed, and return at the end of the summer 
from the latter part of July to the end of September. Nearly all the 
returning birds cross the isthmus of Point Barrow at Pernye where the 
natives assemble in large numbers for the purpose of taking them. 
These migrating birds are mostly king ducks, kinalin (Somateria spec- 
tabilis), Pacific eiders, amau‘lin (S. v-nigra), and long-tailed ducks, 
a‘dyigi‘a, a/hadlin (Clangula hyemalis), with smaller numbers of the 
spectacled eider, ka/waso (Arctonetta fischeri), and Steller’s ducks, igni- 
kau/kto (Eniconetta stelleri). At the rivers they also find numbers of 
pintails, i’vwtge (Dafila acuta), which visit the coast in small numbers 
during the migrations. Geese of three species, the American white- 
fronted goose, ni/gligrur (Anser albifrons gambeli), the lesser snow- 
goose, kt/no (Chen hyperborea), and the black brant, nigli/gne (Branta 
nigricans), are not uncommon on the coast both during the migrations 
and the breeding season, but the natives find them in much greater 
abundance at the rivers, where they also find a species of swan, ku/gru, 
probably Olor columbianus, which rarely visits the coast. 
Next in importance to the natives are the gulls, of which the Point 
Barrow gull, nau’/yr (Larus barrovianus), isthe most abundant all through 
the season, though the rare rosy gull, ka/Omaxlu (Rhodostethes rosea), 
appears in multitudes late in the autumn. The ivory gull (Gavia alba), 
nariyalbwin, and Sabine’s gull, yakua/drigigi’e (Xema Sabinii), are un- 
common, while the Arctic tern, utyuta’kin (Sterna paradisea), is rather 
abundant, especially about the sandspits of Nuwtk. All these species, 
particularly the larger ones, are taken for food. 
Three species of loons are common: the great white-billed loon, tu/dlin 
(Urinator adamsi), and the Pacific and red-throated divers (U. pacificus 
and lumme), which are not distinguished from each other but are both 
called ka/ksau. They also occasionally see the thick-billed guillemot 
a‘/kpa (Uria lomyvia arra), and more often the sea-pigeon, sékbwek (Ce- 
phus mandtii). The three species of jaegers (Stercorarius pomarinus, 
parasiticus, and longicaudus) are not distinguished from one another 
but are all called isune. They pay but little attention to the numerous 
species of wading birds which appear in considerable abundance in the 
migrations and breeding season, but they recognize among them the 
turnstone, tili/gwa (Arenaria interpres), the gray plover, ki/raio’n (Cha- 
radrius squatarola), the American golden plover, tu/dlin (C. dominicus), 
the knot, tu/awi’a (Tringa canutus), the pectoral and Baird’s sandpipers, 
(T. maculata and bairdii), both called ai/bwikix, the red-backed sand- 
piper, mékapin (T. alpina pacifica), the semipalmated sandpiper, niwil- 
iwi/lik (Ereunetes pusillus), the buffbreasted sandpiper, nu/dluayu 
(Tryngites subruficollis), the red phalarope, sabrat (Chrymophilus fuli- 
carius), and the northern phalarope, sabraine (Phalaropus lobatus). 
The last is rare at Point Barrow, but they see many of them near the 
Colville. The little brown crane, tuti/drige (Grus canadensis), is also 
rare at the Point, but they say they find many of them at the mouth of 
Kulu’grua. 
