70 THE POINT BARROW ESKIMO. 
pipe is different from any other tobacco smoke and is very disagreeable. 
It has some resemblance to the smell of some of the cheaper brands of 
North Carolina tobacco which are known to be adulterated with other 
vegetable substances. The method of smoking is as follows: After 
clearing out the bowl with the picker, a little wad of deer hair, plucked 
from the clothes in some inconspicuous place, generally the front skirt 
of the inner jacket, is rammed down to the bottom of the bowl. This is 
to prevent the fine tobacco from getting into the stem and clogging it 
up. The bowl is then filled with tobaceo, of which it only holds a very 
small quantity. The mouthpiece is placed between the lips, the tobacco 
ignited, and all smoked out in two or three strong inhalations. The 
smoke is very deeply inhaled and allowed to pass out slowly from the 
mouth and nostrils, bringing tears to the eyes, often producing giddi- 
ness, and almost always a violent fit of coughing. I have seen a man 
almost prostrated from the effects of a single pipeful. This method 
of smoking has been in vogue since the time of our first acquaintance 
with these people.! 
Though they smoke little at a time, they smoke frequently when to- 
bacco is plentiful. Oflate years, since tobacco has become plentiful, some 
have adopted white men’s pipes, which they smoke without inhaling, 
and they are glad to get cigars, and, since our visit, cigarettes. In con- 
versation with us they usually called all means for smoking ‘“pai’pa,” 
the children sometimes specifying “ pai’pa-sigya’” (cigar) or “ mttkpara- 
pai/pa,” paper-pipe (cigarette). The use of the kui/nye, which name 
appears to be applied only to the native pipes, seems to be confined to 
the adults. We knew of no children owning them, though their parents 
made no objection to their chewing tobacco or owning or using clay or 
wooden pipes which they obtained from us. They carry their fondness 
for tobacco so far that they will even eat the foul oily refuse from the 
bottom of the bowl, the smallest portion of which would produce nausea 
ina white man. This habit has been observed at Plover Bay, Siberia. 
Tobacco ashes are also eaten, probably for the sake of the potash they 
contain, as one of the men at Utkiavwin was fond of carbonate of soda, 
which he told the doctor was just like what he got from his pipe. 
Pipes of this type, differing in details, but all agreeing in having very 
small bowls, frequently of metal, and some contrivance for opening the 
stem, are used by the Eskimo from at least as far south as the Yukon 
delta (as shown by the collections in the National Museum) to the An- 
1See T. Simpson: ‘‘ Not content with chewing and smoking it, they swallowed the fumes till they 
became sick, and seemed to revel in a momentary intoxication.’ Point Barrow (1837), Narrative, p. 156. 
Also Kotzebue: ‘‘ They chew, snuff, smoke, and even swallow the smoke.’ Kotzebue Sound (1816) 
Voyage, vol. 1, p. 287. 3eechey also deseribes the people of Hotham Inlet in 1826 as smoking in the 
manner above described, obtaining the hair from a strip of dogskin tied to the pipe. Their tobacco 
was mixed with wood. Voyage, p. 300. Petitot (Monographie, ete., p. xxix) describes a precisely sim- 
ilar method of smoking among the Mackenzie Eskimos. Their tobacco was *‘melangé 4 de la raclure 
de saule”’ and the pipe was called *‘ kwinepk,"”’ (Vocabulaire, p. 54). 
2 See Hooper, Tents, etc., p. 177, and Dall, Alaska, p. 81. 
