MURDOCH. ] TRAYS. ag 
the next step would be to increase the weight of the head by lashing a 
large piece of bone to the end of the haft, instead of carving the whole 
laboriously out of a larger piece of bone. The substitution of the still 
heavier stone for the bone would obviously suggest itselfnext. The weak 
point in this argument, however, is that the advantage of the transition 
from the first to the next formis not sufficiently obvious. It seems to me 
more natural to suppose that the hafted stone hammer has been de- 
veloped here, as is believed to have been the ease elsewhere, by simply 
adding a handle to the pebble which had already been used as a hammer 
without one. These bone implements are then to be considered as make- 
shifts or substitutes for the stone hammer, when stones suitable for 
making the latter could not be procured. Now, such stones are rare at 
Point Barrow, and must be brought from a distance or purchased from 
other natives; hence the occasional use of such makeshifts as these. 
This view will account for the rarity of these bone hammers, as well as 
the rudeness of their construction... No. 89845 [1049] would thus be merely 
the result of individual fancy and not a link in the chain of development. 
FOR SERVING AND EATING FOOD. 
TRAYS. 
Cooked food is generally served in large shallow trays more or less 
neatly carved from driftwood and nearly circular or oblong in shape. 
Fic. 33.—Meat dish. 
The collection contains two specimens of the cireular form and three ob- 
long ones. All but one of these have been long in use and are very 
greasy. No. 73576 [392] (Fig. 33) has been selected as the type of the 
