110 THE POINT BARROW ESKIMO. 
having the flesh side colored red,! while American-dressed skins are 
worked soft and rubbed with chalk or gypsum, giving a beautiful 
white surface like pipe-clayed leather. 
The skins of the white mountain sheep, white and blue fox, wolf, dog, 
ermine, and lynx are sometimes used for clothing, and under jackets 
made of eider duck skins are rarely used. Sealskin dressed with the 
hair on is used only for breeches and boots, and for those rarely. Black 
dressed sealskin—that is, with the epidermis left on and the hair shaved 
off—is used for waterproof boots, while the 
white sealskin, tanned in urine, with the epi- 
dermis removed, is used for the soles of winter 
boots. Waterproof boot soles are made of oil- 
dressed skins of the white whale, bearded seal, 
walrus, or polar bear. The last material is not 
usually mentioned as serving for sole leather 
among the Eskimo. Nordenskiéld,? however, 
found it in use among the Chukches for this 
purpose. It is considered an excellent ma- 
terial for soles at Point Barrow, and is some- 
times used to make boat covers, which are 
beautifully white. Heavy mittens for the win- 
ter are made of the fur of the polar bear or of 
dogskin. Waterproof outer frocks are of seal 
entrails, split and dried and sewed together. 
For trimmings are used deerskin of different 
colors, mountain-sheep skin, and black and 
white sealskin, wolf, wolverine, and marten 
fur, and whole ermine skins, as well as red 
worsted, and occasionally beads. 
STYLE OF DRESS. 
Dr. Simpson® gave an excellent general de- 
scription of the dress of these people, which is 
Fig. 51.—Man in ordinary deer- the game at the present day. While the same 
skin clothes. . 
in general pattern as that worn by all other 
Eskimo, it differs in many details from that worn by the eastern Eskimo,* 
and most closely resembles the style in vogue at and near Norton Sound. 
The man’s dress (Fig. 51, from a photograph of Apaidyao) consists of the 
usual loose hooded frock, without opening except at the neck and wrists. 
This reaches just over the hips, rarely about to mid-thigh, where it is eut 
‘Compare Nordenskiédld, Vega, vol 2. p. 213. 
2Vega, vol. 2, p. 98. 
3Op. cit., pp. 241-245. 
4See for example, Egede, p. 219; Crantz, vol. 1, p. 136; Bessels, Op. cit., pp. 805 and 868 (Smith 
Sound); Kane, lst Grinnell Exp., pp. 45 (Greenland) and 132 (Cape York); Brodbeck, ‘‘ Nach Osten,” 
pp. 23, 24, and Holm, Geografisk Tidskrift, vol. 8, p. 90 (East Greenland); Parry, 2d Voy., pp. 494-6 
(Iglulik) ; Boas, ‘‘ Central Eskimo,” pp. 554-6; Kumlien, loc. cit., pp. 22-25 (Cumberland Gulf); also, Fro- 
bisher, in Hakluyt's Voyages, 1589, ete., p. 628. 
5Dall, Alaska, pp. 21 and 141. 
