MURDOCH.} HAIR-DRESSING. 141 
tonsure que portent nos Tchiglit a pour but, m’ont-ils dit, de permettre 
au soleil de rechauffer leur cerveau et de transmettre par ce moyen 
sa bienfaisante chaleur & leur cceur pour les faire vivre.”! Some of the 
Nunatatminun and one man from Kilauwitaiwin that we saw wore their 
front hair long, parted in the middle, and confined by a narrow fillet 
of leather round the brow. The hair on the tonsure is not always 
kept clipped very close, but sometimes allowed to grow as much as an 
inch long, which probably led Hooper to believe that the tonsure was 
not common at Point Barrow.’ It is universal at the present day, as 
it was in Dr. Simpson’s time.* The western Eskimo generally crop 
or shave the crown of the head, while those of the east allow their hair 
to grow pretty long, sometimes clipping it on the forehead. The practice 
of clipping the crown appears to be general in the Mackenzie district,‘ 
and was occasionally observed at [ghulik by Capt. Parry (2d Voy., p. 493). 
The natives of St. Lawrence Island and the Siberian coast carry this 
custom to an extreme, clipping the whole crown, so as to leave only a 
fringe round the head.°. The women dress their 
hair in the fashion common to all the Eskimo ex- 
cept the Greenlanders and the people about the 
Mackenzie and Anderson Rivers, where the women 
bring the hair up from behind into a sort of high 
top-knot, with the addition in the latter district of 
large bows or pigtails on the sides.° The hair is 
parted in the middle from the forehead to the nape 
of the neck, and gathered into a club on each side !'° SE roa gir os 
behind the ear. The club is either simply braided % 7% 
or without further dressing twisted and lengthened out with strips of 
leather, and wound spirally for its whole length with a long string of 
small beads of various colors, a large flat brass button being stuck into 
the hair above each club. The wife of the captain of a whaling umiak 
wears a strip of wolfskin in place of the string of beads when the boat 
is “in commission” (as Capt. Herendeen observed). 
Some of the little girls wear their hair cut short behind. The hair is 
not arranged every day. Both sexes are rather tidy about arranging 
their hair, but there is much difference in this between individuals. 
The marrow of the reindeer is sometimes used for pomatum. Baldness 
1 Petitot, Monographie, ete., p. xxxi. 
2 Tents, etc., p. 225. 
3 Op. cit., p. 238. 
4Petitot, Monographie, ete., p. xxxi. See also Franklin, 2d Exp., p. 118. 
®See also Nordenskidld, Vega, vol. 2, pp. 9 and 252, and figures passim, especially pp. 84 and 85; 
Hooper, Tents, ete., p. 27; and Dall, Alaska, p. 381. 
®See Kane, 2d Grinnell Exp. Many illustrations, passim, Smith Sound; Egede, p. 132, and Crantz, 
Vol. 1, p. 128, Greenland ; Brodbeck, ‘‘ Nach Osten,” p. 23, and Holm, Geogr. Tids., vol.8, p.90, East Green- 
land; Frobisher, in Hakluyt, Voyages, ete. (1589), p. 627, Baffin Land; Parry, 2d Voy., p. 494, and 
Lyon, Journal, p. 230, Iglulik; Petitot, Monographie, ete., p. xxix, Mackenzie district; Hooper, Tents, 
etc., pp. 257, Iey Reef, and 347, Maitland Id.; Franklin, 2d Exp., p. 119, Point Sabine; Dall, Alaska, 
pp- 140 and 381, Norton Sound and Plover Bay. See also references to Nordenskiéld, given above, and 
Krause Bros., Geographische Blatter, vol. 5, pt. 1, p. 5. 
