MURDOCH.] ADZES. 165 
distinctive than the name ‘tobacco-cutter” for a Yankee’s jack- 
knife.! 
Adzes (udlimau).—Even at the present day the Eskimo of Point Bar- 
row use no tool for shaping large pieces of woodwork, except a short- 
handled adz, hafted in the same manner as the old stone tools which 
were employed before the introduction of iron. Though axes and hatch- 
ets are frequently obtained by trading, they are never used as such, 
but the head is removed and rehatted so as to make an adz of it. This 
habit is not peculiar to the people of Point Barrow. There is a hatchet 
head, mounted in the same way, from the Anderson River, in the 
Museum collection, and the same thing was noted in Hudson’s Strait 
by Capt. Lyon® and at Iglulik by Capt. Parry.’ Mr. L. M. Turner in- 
forms me that the Eskimo of Ungava, on the south side of Hudson’s 
Strait, who have been long in contact with the whites, have learned to 
use axes. The collection contains two such adzes made from small 
hatchets. No. 89873 [972], Fig. 128, is the more typical of the two. The 
blade is the head of a small hatchet or tomahawk lashed to the haft 
of oak with a stout thong of seal hide. The lashing is one piece, and 
Fic. 128.—Hatechet hafted as an adz. 
is put on wet and shrunk tightly on. This tool is a little longer in the 
haft than those commonly used, and the shape and material of the haft 
is a little unusual, it being generally elliptical in section and made of 
soft wood. 
Fig. 129, No. 56638 [509], from Utkiavwin, is a similar adz, but the 
head has been narrowed by cutting off pieces from the sides (done by 
filing part way through and breaking the piece off), and a deep trans- 
verse groove has been cut on the front face near the butt. Part of the 
lashing is held in this groove as well as by the eye, the lower half of 
which is filled up with a wooden plug. The haft is peculiar in being a 
‘It is but just to Dr. Rau to say that he recognized the fact that these implements are not exelu- 
sively tish-eutters, and applies this name only to indicate that he has treated of them simply in refer- 
ence to their use as such. The idea, however, that these, being slightly different in shape from the 
Greenland olw orulu, are merely fish knives, has gained a certain currency among anthropologists 
which it is desirable to counteract. 
Journal, p. 28. 
32d Voyage, p. 536, and pl. opp. p. 548, fig. 3. 
