172 THE POINT BARROW ESKIMO. 
to the shape of the haft. A ‘ branch” of a reindeer’s antler is particu- 
larly well suited for the haft of a small adze. Not only does it have 
naturally the proper dimensions and a suitable curve, but it is very easy, 
by cutting out a small segment of the “beam” where the “branch” 
starts from it, to make a flange of a convenient shape for fitting to the 
head. Antler is besides easily obtained, not only when the deer is 
killed for food, but by picking up shed antlers on the tundra, and is 
consequently employed for many purposes. The haft usually has a knob 
at the tip to keep the hand from slipping, and the grip is sometimes 
roughened with cross cuts or wound with thong. There are usually as 
many holes for the lashing as there are eyes in the head, though there 
are two holes when the head has only one large eye. On the bone heads, 
the surfaces to which the haft is applied and the channels for the lash- 
ings are roughened with cross cuts to prevent slipping. The lashing 
always follows the same general plan, though no two adzes are lash@a 
exactly alike. The plan may be summarized as follows: One end of the 
Fic, 142.—Adz with bone blade. 
thong makes a turn through one of the holes in the haft, and around or 
through the head. This turn is then secured, usually by passing the 
long end through a slit in the short end and hauling this loop taut, 
sometimes by knotting the short end to the long part, or by catching 
the short end down under the next turn. The long part then makes 
several turns round or through the head and through the haft, sometimes 
also crossing around the latter, and the whole is then finished off by 
wrapping the end two or three times around the turns on one side and 
tucking it neatly underneath. This is very like the method of lashing 
on the heads of the mauls already described, but the mauls have only 
one hole in the haft, and there are rarely any turns around the latter. 
Jade adz blades, like those already described, have been brought by 
Mr. Nelson from Kotzebue Sound, the Diomedes, St. Michaels, ete., and 
one came from as far south as the Kuskoquim River. : 
Chisels—We collected a number of small short handled chisels, re- 
sembling the implements called “trinket makers,” of which there are so 
many inthe National Museum. Wenever happened to see them in actual 
use, but were informed that they were especially designed for working 
