MURDOCH.] ANTLER CHISELS. 173 
on reindeer antler. Of the eight specimens collected No. 89302 [884], 
Fig. 143, has been selected as a type of the antler chisel (ki/Nnusa). The 
blade is of steel, and the haft is of reindeer antler, in two longitudinal 
sections, put together at right angles to the plane of the blade, held 
together by a stout round bone treenail 24 inches from 
the butt. The square tip of the blade is beveled on both 
faces to arough cutting edge. Fig. 144 
(No. 89301) [1000] has a small blade with 
an oblique tip not beveled to an edge, 
and a haftof walrusivory yellowed from 
age, and ornamented with rows of rings, 
each with a dot in the center, all incised 
and colored with red ocher. The two 
parts of the haft are fastened together 
by a stout wooden treenail and a stitch of 
whalebone. 
The rest of the steel-bladed chisels, 
four in number, are all of “about the 
same size and hafted with antler. The 
! blades are somewhat irregular in shape, 
Fig. 143.— Antler Dut all have square or oblique tips and Fie. 144.— Antler 
os a no Sharp edge. Three of them have ehisel: 
the sections of the haft put together as described, and fastened by a 
treenail and a whipping of seal twine or sinew braid at the tip. One 
has the two sections put together in the plane of the blade and fastened 
with a large copper rivet, which also passes through the 
butt of the blade, and three stout iron ones. The hafts 
of all these’ tools show signs of much handling. The 
remaining two specimens have blades of black flint. No. 
89637 [1207], has a haft of walrus ivory, of the usual 
pattern, fastened together by a bone treenail and two 
stitches, one of sinew braid and one of seal thong. 
The lashing of seal twine near the tip serves to mend 
acrack. The hatt is old and rusty about the slot into 
which the blade is fitted, shewing that it originally 
had an iron blade. The flint blade was probably put 4, , 45 -—spucibas 
in to make it seem ancient, as there was a special tel, flint blade. 
demand for prehistoric articles. No. 89653 [1290], Fig. 145, is nothing 
but a fanciful tool made to meet this demand. The haft is of light- 
brown mountain sheep horn, and the blade of black flint. Such flint- 
bladed tools may have been used formerly, but there is no proof that 
they were. 
Whalebone shaves.—There is in use at Point Barrow, and apparently 
not elsewhere among the Eskimo, a special tool for shaving whalebone, 
a substance which is very much used in the form of long, thin strips 
for fastening together boat timbers, whipping spear shafts, ete. The 
