202 THE POINT BARROW ESKIMO. 
Bear arrows.—These are of three kinds, all having a broad, sharp pile, 
often barbed. The first kind has a pile of flaked flint, called kiki (*¢ claw” 
or “nail”), and was known as kuki/ksadlin (“provided or fitted with claw 
material”). Of this kind we have eight complete arrows and one shaft. 
No. 89246 [25], Fig. 182, will serve as the type. The pile is of black 
flint, double edged and sharp pointed, 2 inches long, with a short tang 
inserted into a cleft in the end of the stele, and secured by a whipping 
of about fifteen turns of fine smew. The stele is of spruce, 254 inches 
% 
Fic. 182.—Flint-headed arrow (kukiksadlin). 
long and four-tenths inch in diameter, and painted with red ocher from 
the feathering to 5 inches from the pile. The three feathers, apparently 
those of the gyrfalcon, have their ends simply whipped to the stele. 
They are 6 inches long. This is one of the two arrows 
from Nuwittk with three feathers. 
No, 72780 [234 a], from Sidaru, is feathered with three 
raven feathers, of which the small ends are wedged into 
slits in the wood. The pile is of brown jasper, long and 
lancet-tipped, expanding into rounded wings at each 
side of the base. The stele is peculiar 
ouly in being slightly widened in front 
of the nock. It is of pine, 26:3 inches 
long, and painted with two rings, one 
red and one green, at the middle of the 
feathering. 
The only variations of importance in 
these arrows are in the shape of the pile, 
which is made of black or gray flint, or 
less often of jasper, mostly variegated, 
brown and gray. There are four pat- 
terns to be found in the'series of eight 
arrows and twenty-two stone piles. The 
first is long and narrow, like No. 56704 y 
[252], Fig. 183, from Utkiavwin, which Fic. 184,—Short flint 
is of gray flint. The next is similar in ees 
shape, but shorter, as shown in Fig. 182 (No. 89240 [25], 
from Nuwtk), which is only 2 inches long, exclusive of 
thetang. The third pattern, which is less common than 
the others, is about the size of the last, but rhomboidal 
Fie. 183.—Long flint in shape (Fig. 184, No. 56691¢ [64¢], from Utkiavwin, of 
pile. dark grayish brown flint, rather coarsely flaked). The 
fourth kind is very short, being not over 14 inches, including the half- 
inch tang, but is | inch broad, thick and convex on both faces. It is 
triangular, with a square base and curved edges (Fig. 185, No. 56702 
[113], from Utkiaywin, newly made for sale). 
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