204 THE POINT BARROW ESKIMO. 
antler. The rest of the arrow does not differ from those previously 
described. The stele is of pine and is feathered with three gyrfalcon 
feathers. 
Two others from Sidaru have only a single barb on the after-pile, but 
the cther four have two, one behind the other on the same side. No. 
89237 [164], from Utkiavwin, differs in no respect from the single-barbed 
flint arrows from Sidaru, but No. 72763 [164], from the same village, has 
four small barbs on the after-pile, which is unusually (nearly 7 inches) 
long, and a pile of sheet brass. This has the basal angles on each side 
cut into three small, sharp, backward-pointing teeth. The total length 
of this arrow is 28 inches. 
The after-piles of all arrows except one were of reindeer antler, which 
is another reason for supposing that this form of arrow is a modification 
of the deer arrow. After the introduction of iron, this metal or copper 
was substituted for the flint pile of the kuki/ksadlin, making the third 
and last form of bear arrow, the sa/vidlin (‘fitted with iron”). This 
arrow differs from the others only in the form of the pile, which is gen- 
erally broad and flat, and either rhomboidal, with the base cut into 
numerous small teeth, or else triangular, with a shank. The barbs are 
usually bilateral. 
No. 72758 [25], from Nuwitk, represents the first form. The pile is 
of iron, rough and flat, 245 inches long. No. 72770 [2416], from Utki- 
avwin, is of the same form. No. 72760 [165], Fig. 186c, from Utkiavwin, 
has a similar pile 3°3 inches long, but has each of the under edges cut 
into four sharp, backward-pointing teeth. No. 72778 [234b], Fig. 186d, 
has a pile of sheet copper 23 inches long, of the same shape, but with six 
teeth. This arrow came from Sidaru. No. 72765 [25], from Nuwiuk, isa 
long, narrow iron pile with three bilateral barbs, all simple. 
Nos. 72755 [25], from Nuwittk, 72759 [25], also from Nuwik, and 72764 
[165], from Utkiavwin, show the shanked form. The first is triangular, 
with a flat shank and a simple barb at each angle of the base. It is of 
steel (piece of a saw) and 2°8 inches long. The second resembles No. 
72760 [165], with more teeth, mounted on a slender cylindrical shank 14 
inches long. It is of iron and 3-9 inches long. The third is a long pile 
with a sinuate outline and one pair of simple bilateral barbs, and a flat 
shank one-halfinch long. Nos. 72757 [25] (Fig. 186b) and 72762 [25], both 
from Nuwtk, are peculiar in being the only iron-pointed arrows with un- 
lateral barbs. Thepiles are made of the two blades of a pair of large scis- 
sors, cut off at the point, with enough of the handle left to make a tang. 
The unilateral barb is filed out on the back of the blade, which has been 
beveled down on both faces to a sharp edge. All of these broadheaded 
arrows have the breadth of the pile at right angles to the plane of the 
nock, Showing that they are not meant to fly like the Sioux war arrows. 
Although iron makes a better material for arrow piles and is more 
easily worked than flint, the quivers which some men still carry at Point 
Barrow contain flint as well as iron headed arrows. They are probably 
