MURDOCH.] WALRUS HARPOONS. 229 
ing the float is made either by tying a carrick bend with the end stopped 
back to the standing part (Fig. 220, No. ; 
56767 [531]), or by splicing (Fig. 221, No. 
56769). 
The loose shaft varies very little in shape, 
though it is sometimes rounded off at the 
butt without a shoulder, but the line which 
secures this to the foreshaft is put on differ- at, 
ently on each of the six spears. Five of 8 
them have the end simply passed through £33 
the hole in the loose shaft and spliced to 
the standing part, but two (the type figured eS 
and No. 56768 [532]) have the other end = 
carried down and hitched round the tip of VJ 
the shaft; another has it passed through a ¢ 
hole in the foreshaft, taken 14 turns round \ia 
this and knotted (No. 56771 [535]):; another 
has a loop as long as the foreshaft with the 
short end passed under the first turn of the 
shaft lashing before it is spliced, and the 
long end secured as on the first mentioned ; 
and the fifth has the end passed through a 
hole in the foreshaft and carried down and 
wrapped round the shaft lashing. The 
sixth has one end passed through a hole 
in the smallest part of the foreshaft and 
knotted at the end, the other end carried 
up through the hole in the loose shaft and 
down to a second hole in the foreshaft close 
to the first, then up through the loose shaft, 
and down through the first hole, and tucked 
under the two parts on the other side. 
The foreshaft is made of walrus ivory or 
the hard bone of the walrus jaw and varies 
little in rorm and dimensions. It is some- 
times ornamented by earving, as in No. 
56772 [536], or by incised patterns, as in 
Fig. 222, No, 56538 [98], and generally has | 
one or two deep longitudinal notches in the 
thickest part, in which the lines can be 
drawn snugly down. It usually is joined 
to the shaft by a stout, wedge-shaped tang, 
which fits into a corresponding cleft in the 
Shaft, and is secured by wooden treenails 
and a wrapping of seal thong or sinew braid, = 
“ 5 Ss 009 a ee : . 
sometimes made more secure by passing '! 7! —~Walmusharpoon head, with 
