MURDOCH. ] DEER LANCE. 243 
the cockpit. The hunter then paddles rapidly up alongside of the deer, 
grasps the lance near the butt, as he would a dagger, 
and stabs the animal with a quick downward thrust. 
This spear is called ka/pun, which in the Point Barrow 
dialect exactly corresponds to the Greenlandic word 
kaput, which is applied to the long-bladed spear or long 
knife used for dispatching a harpooned seal.!| The word 
ka/pun means simply ‘‘an instrument for stabbing.” 
No. 73183 [524], Figs. 245a, 243) (head enlarged), will 
serve as a type of this weapon, of which we have two 
specimens. All that we saw were essentially like this. 
The head is iron, 43 inches long exclusive of the tang, 
and 14 inches broad. The edges are narrowly beveled 
on both faces. The shaft is 6 feet 2 inches - 
long, and tapers from a diameter of 0-8 inch 
about the middle to about one-half inch at ¢ 
eachend. The tip is cleft to receive the tang f& 
of the head, and shouldered to keep the whip- 
ping from slipping off. The latter was of 
sinew braid and 2 inches deep. The shaft is 
painted with red ocher. 
The other has a shaft 6 feet 4 inches long, 
but otherwise resembles the preceding. The 
heads for these lances are not always made of 
iron. Copper, brass, etc.,are sometimes used. 
No. 56699 [166] is one of a pair of neatly made 
copper lance heads. It is 5-9 inches long and 
14 wide, and ground down on each face to a 
sharp edge without a bevel, except just at the : 
point. Before the introduction of iron these “7 
lances had stone heads, but were otherwise F1¢.244— 
of the same shape. Fig. 244 represents the eee a 
head and 6 inches of the shaft of one of these — Aint head. 
(No. 89900 [1157] from Nuwittk). The shaft is new and 
rather carelessly made of a rough, knotty piece of 
spruce, and is 5 feet 53 inches long. The head is of 
black flint and 2 inches long, exclusive of the tang, and 
the tip of the shaft is whipped with a narrow strip of 
light-colored whalebone, the end of which is secured by 
passing it through a slit in the side of the shaft and 
wedging it into a crack on the opposite side. This 
is an old head newly mounted for the market, and 
Fic. 243.—Deer lance. the head is wedged in with a bit of blue flannel. 
No. 89897 [1524], Fig. 245, from Utkiavwit, on the other hand, is an 
old shaft 5 feet 74 inches long, fitted with a new head, which is very 
broad, and shaped like the head of a bear lance. It is of variegated 
1 Crantz, vol. 1, p. 147, Pl. y, Fig. Be and Kane, Ist Grinnell Exp., p. 479 (fig. at bottom). 
