MURDOCE.] FISHING-TACKLE. 279 
a short line of whalebone, provided with a little “squid” or artificial 
bait of ivory, and fastened to a wooden rod about 18 inches or 2 feet 
long. The lure, which is apparently meant to represent a small shrimp, 
is kept moving, and the fish bite at it. We brought home two com- 
plete sets of tackle for this kind of fishing, two lines without rods and 
twelve lures or hooks. No, 89548 [1753] Fig. 264, has been selected 
for description. 
The line is 40 inches long and made of four strips of whalebone 0-1 
inch wide, fastened together with what appear to be ‘+ waterknots.” 
Two of these strips are of black whalebone, respectively 44 and 9 inches 
long; the other two are of light colored whalebone and 153 and 11 inches 
long. The light colored end is made fast to the eye in the small end of 
the hook as follows: The end is passed through the eye, doubled back 
Fic. 264.—Tackle for shore fishing. 
and passed through a single knot in the standing part, and knotted 
round the latter with a similar knot (Fig. 265). This knot is the one 
generally used in fastening a fishing line to the hook. The other end 
is doubled in a short bight into which is becket-hitched one end of a bit 
of sinew thread about 3 inches long, and the other end is knotted 
into a notch at one end of the rod, as the whalebone would be too stiff 
to tie securely to the stick. The rod is a roughly whittled splinter of 
California redwood, 143 inches long. The body of the lure is a piece 
of walrus ivory 1$ inches long. Through a hole in the large end of this 
is driven the barbless brass hook, with a broad thin plate at one end 
bent up, flush with the convex side. When notin use the line is reeled 
lengthwise on the rod, secured by a notch at each end of the latter, and 
the hook stuck into the wood on one side of 
the red. The hook is wedged into the body —=—>> 
of the lure with a bit of whalebone. The 
other specimen, No. 89547, [1733] from the 
same village, is almost exactly like this, but 
has a slightly shorter line, made of three strips of bone, of which the 
lower two, as before, are of light colored whalebone. The object of 
using this material is probably to render the part of the line which is 
under water less conspicuous, as we use leaders and casting lines of 
transparent silkworm gut. The body of the lure is made of old brown 
walrus ivory. These lures are 1 inch to 14 inches long, and vary little 
in the shape of the body which is usually made of walrus ivory, in 
most cases darkened on the surface by age or charring, so that when 
carved into shape itis parti-colored, black and white. The body is often 
ornamented with small colored beads inlaid for eyes and along the back 
(Fig. 266a, No. 56609 [153], from Utkiavwin). 
The hook is usually of the shape described but is sometimes simply a 
slightly recurved spur about J-inch long as in Fig. 266b (No. 56610 [160], 
FG. 265.—Knot of line into hook. 
