MURDOCH.] SNOW AND ICE TOOLS. 307 
Fig. 307 (No. 89775 [1250] trom Utkiaywif) is a peculiar implement, 
the only one of the kind that we saw. It is a shovel, 17 inches long, 
made of a whale’s scapula, with the anterior and posterior borders cut 
off straight so as to make, it 134 inches broad, and the superior margin 
beveled off to an edge. The handle is made by flattening the neck of 
the scapula and cutting through it a large 
horizontal elliptical slot, below which the end 
of the scapula is worked into a rounded bar 1 
inchin diameter. The cutting around this slot 
appears new, and red ocher has been rubbed. 
into the crevices. On the other hand, the bev- 
eling of the digging edge appeared to be old. 
Though colored with red ocher, the edge is 
gapped as if from use, and 
there are fragments of tun- 
dra moss sticking toit. It 
is probably an old imple- [ 
ment “touched up” for sale. Wy 
We did not learn whether = 
oT: Fic. 307._Snow shovel made of a 
such tools were now gener- whale’s scapula. 
ally used. This may have been a makeshift or an 
individual fancy. 
Fig. 508 (No. 89521 [1249] from Utkiavwin) is an- 
other peculiar tool of which we saw no other speci- 
men. It appears to be really an old implement and 
was said to have been used for digging or picking in 
the snow. It is a stout sharp-pointed piece of bone, 
3 inches long, inserted in the end of a piece of a long 
bone of some animal, 4:7 inches long and about 14 
wide, whieh serves as a haft. 
Ice picks—The ivory ice pick (tu’u) always attached 
to the seal-harpoon has been already described. This 
differs from the tok of the Greenlanders and other 
eastern Eskimo in having a sharp bayonet point, 
while the latter is often chisel-pointed. All the men 
now have iron ice picks which they use for cutting 
the holes for fishing, setting seal nets, and such pur- 
poses. These are made of some white man’s tool 
which has a socket, like a harpoon iron, a whale lance, 
Fi. 808.—Snow pick. 4 boarding knife or bayonet, and usually have a rather 
slender blade about a foot long, mounted on a pole 6 or 8 feet long. The 
point is sharp and polygonal, generally four-sided. The tool is managed 
with both hands and used to split off fragments of ice by rather oblique 
blows. In other words, it is used in precisely the same way as the little 
single-handed pick which we use in refrigerators. For chiseling off pro- 
jecting corners of ice when making a path out through the ice pack, they 
