368 THE POINT BARROW ESKIMO. 
in having the outer corners of the eyes rather depressed, and in ad- 
dition to the moustache and imperial has a broad “whaleman’s mark” 
drawn with black lead across the eyes. It is grooved round the edge 
for fastening on a hood. The lower part of the face has been split off 
at the corners of the mouth and mended on with two stitches of whale- 
bone, and a piece which was broken out at the left-hand corner of the 
mouth is secured by a wooden peg at the inner edge and a stitch of 
whalebene on the iower side. This mask has been for a long time 
fastened to an ornamented wooden gorget, and appeared to have been 
exposed to the weather, perhaps at the cemetery. The string is made 
of unusually stout sinew braid. 
The remaining four ancient human masks are all masculine, and only 
one has any indication of labrets. On this mask, No. 89812 [1063], 
there are two small holes in the position of the labrets. It is probable 
that the wearers of these masks are supposed to represent the ancient 
Eskimo, who wore no labrets. A mask which was carelessly made for 
sale (No. 89814 [1056] from Utkiavwin), however, has large plug-labrets 
carved out. Though roughly carved this mask 
is a very characteristic Eskimo face, and would 
almost pass as the portrait of a man of our 
acquaintance in Utkiavwin. The two little 
roughly carved human faces on the top of 
this mask are probably merely for ornament. 
No such things are to be seen on any of the 
old masks which have been actually used. 
This mask seems to have been whittled out of 
the bottom of an old meat tray, and has a 
string of whalebone. Most of the genuine 
masks are of excellent workmanship, but two 
are quite roughly carved. One of these espe- 
cially is such a bungling piece of work that it would be set down as 
commercial were it not weathered and evidently old. The painting 
never goes farther than marking out the beard and eyebrows with soot 
or black lead, and sometimes reddening the cheeks with ocher. Fig. 
368 (No. 89816 [1583] from Utkiavwin) is a very old mask of cotton- 
wood, blackened with age and so rudely carved that the work was prob- 
ably done with a stone tool. It is grooved around the edge for fastening 
on a hood and is 6°8 inches long. 
The only female human masks seen are new and made for sale. One 
of these (No. 89819 [1057], Fig. 369, from Utkiavwin) is roughly whittled 
from the bottom of an old meat tray, and has the hair, eyebrows, and 
a single line of tattooing on the chin painted with soot. Itis 8-7 inches 
long and has strings of whalebone. 
Another (No. 56498 [73] from Utkiavwin) is about the size of the 
common masks and tolerably well made. It has the hair and eyebrows 
marked with black lead. The last is afoot long, and like the one fig- 
Fia. 368.—Old grotesque mask. 
