386 THE POINT BARROW ESKIMO. 
groove 0-2 inch from the edge of the hoop and 0.3 inch wide, running 
round the hoop, where it is secured by three or four turns of sinew 
braid. The end of this string is crossed back and forth four or five times 
round the handle, where it is fitted to the hoop and then wrapped around 
it and finished off with a knot. 
No. 56742 [514], from Utkiavwin, is a similar drum, but somewhat 
larger, the hoop being 24°6 inches long and 22 inches wide. It is of 
the same materials, except that the strap at the joint is of reindeer 
antler. Opposite the joint the hoop appears to have shown signs of 
weakness, as it has been strengthened with two straps of walrus ivory, 
one on the inside and one on the outside of the hoop, fastened together 
by stitches of sinew 
which pass through the 
wood and through both 
straps. The inside strap 
is 4:7 inches long, the 
outer 3:5 inches long, 
and only half the width 
of the rim, and is let into 
thelatter. This strap ap- 
pears to have been put 
on first, as at each end 
there is a stiteh which 
only runs through the 
wood. The handle is fastened on as before, but has two transverse 
holes instead of one, and has four deep rounded notches for the fingers. 
(See Fig. 384.) The joint is tightened by driving a thin sliver of wood 
in at the bottom of the notch. 
No. 56743 [31], from Utkiavwin, closely resembles the type, but has 
a notch for the thumb as well as for the forefinger on the handle. The 
hoop is 25:5 inches long and 21 wide. No. 56740 [80] from the same 
village is rather smaller than the ordinary drums, having a hoop 16-2 
inches long and 14:7 wide. The handle is of antler, but has the usual 
face on the large end. 
We also brought home eight handles for these drums, which exhibit 
but slight variations. The commonest material for the handle is wal- 
rus ivory. Only two out of the twelve are of antler. They are usually 
about 5 inches long (the longest is 5:4 inches and the shortest 4:6). 
Handles with grooves for the fingers and sometimes for the thumb seem 
to be quite as common as the plain handles. Fig. 385a@ represents an 
ivory handle from Nuwittk (No. 89267 [898] ), which has a groove for 
each finger and a shallow one on the right side for the thumb. It is 5 
inches long. 
With one exception all these handles have the large end more or less 
neatly carved into a human face, with the mouth open as if singing, 
Ita, 384.—Handle of drum secured to rim. 
