456 MEDICINE-MEN OF THE APACHE. 
other ordeals, ‘drink fearfully large drafts of tobacco juice, mixed 
with water.” The medicine-men of Guiana are called peaiman. 
I have never seen tobacco juice drank by medicine-men or others, 
but I remember seeing Shunca-Luta (Sorrel Horse) a medicine-man of 
the Dakota, chewing and swallowing a piece of tobacco and then going 
into what seemed to be a trance, all the while emitting deep grunts or 
groans. When he revived he insisted that those sounds had been 
made by a spirit which he kept down in his stomach. He also pre- 
tended to extract the quid of tobacco from wnderneath his ribs, and 
vas full of petty tricks of legerdemain and other means of mystifying 
women and children. 
All medicine-men claim the power of swallowing spear heads or 
arrows and fire, and there are at times many really wonderful things 
done by them which have the effect of strengthening their hold upon 
the people. 
The medicine-men of the Ojibwa thrust arrows and similar instru- 
ments down their throats. They also allow themselves to be shot at 
with marked bullets.! 
While I was among the Tusayan, in 1881, I learned of a young boy, 
quite a child, who was looked up to by the other Indians, and on special 
oceasions made his appearance decked out in much native finery of 
beads and gewgaws, but the exact nature of his duties and supposed 
responsibilities could not be ascertained. 
Diego Duran? thought that the priesthood among the Mexicans was 
to a great extent hereditary, much like the right of primogeniture 
among the people of Spain. Speaking of the five assistants who held 
down the human victim at the moment of sacrifice, he says: 
Los nombres de los cinco eran Chachalmeca, que en nuestra Lengua quiere tanto 
decir como Levita 6 ministro de cosa divina 6 sagrada. Era esta dignidad entre ellos 
muy suprema y en mucha tenida, la cual seheredaba de hijos a padres como cosa de 
mayorazgo, sucediendo los hijos 4 los Padres en aquella sangrienta Dignidad endemo- 
niada y cruel. 
Concerning the medicine-men of Peru, Dorman? says: 
The priestly office among the Peruvians appears to have been hereditary; some 
attained it by election; a man struck by lightning was considered as chosen by 
heaven; also those who became suddenly insane. Mr. Southey says that among the 
Moxos of Brazil, who worshiped the tiger, a man who was rescued from but marked 
by the claws of the animal, was set apart for the priesthood, and none other. 
I shall have occasion to introduce a medicine-woman of the Apache, 
Tze-go-juni, or “ Pretty-mouth,” whose claims to preeminence among 
her people would seem to have had no better foundation than her es- 
cape from lightning stroke and from the bites of a mountain lion, which 
had seized her during the night and had not killed her. 
I remember the case of an old Navajo medicine-man who was killed 
1Tanner's Narrative, p. 390. 
2Diego Duran, lib. 3, cap. 3, p. 201. 
3 Dorman, Primitive Superstitions, p. 384. 
