474 MEDICINE-MEN OF THE APACHE. 
” 
Chinese.! Padre Boscana represents the ‘*puplem” or medicine-men 
of the Indians of California as making or sketching “a most uncouth 
and ridiculous figure of an animal on the ground,” and presumably of 
sands, clays, and other such materials.’ 
HAIR AND WIGS. 
The medicine-men of the Apache were, at least while young, extremely 
vareful of their hair, and I have often seen those who were very prop- 
erly proud of their long and glossy chevelure. Particularly do I recall 
to mind the “doctor” at San Carlos in 1885, who would never allow 
his flowing black tresses to be touched. But they do not roach their 
hair, as I have seen the Pawnee do; they do not add false hair to their 
own, as I have seen among the Crow of Montana and the Mohave of the 
Rio Colorado; they do not apply plasters of mud as do their neighbors 
the Yuma, Cocopa, Mohave and Pima, and in such a manner as to 
convince spectators that the intent was ceremonial; and they do not 
use wigs in their dances. Wigs made of black wool may still be found 
occasionally among the Pueblos, but the Apache do not use them, and 
there is no reference to such a thing in their myths. 
It is to be understood that these paragraphs are not treating upon 
the superstitions concerning the human hair, as such, but simply of the 
employment of wigs, which would seem in former days among some of 
the tribes of the Southwest to have been made of human hair pre- 
sented by patients who had recovered from sickness or by mourners 
whose relatives had died.’ Wigs with masks attached were worn by 
the Costa Ricans, according to Gabb.* 
Some of the Apache- Yuma men wear long rolls of matted hair behind, 
which are the thickness of a finger, and two feet or more in length, and 
composed of old hair mixed with that growing on the head, or are in the 
form of a wig, made of hair that has been cut off when mourning the 
dead, to be worn on occasions of ceremony.’ 
Observations of the same kind have been made by Speke upon the 
customs of the people of Africa in his Nile,° concerning the Kidi people 
at the head of the Nile; by Cook, in Hawkesworth’s Voyages,’ speaking 
of Tahiti, and by Barcia,’® speaking of Greenland. Sir Samuel Baker 
deseribes the peculiar wigs worn by the tribes on Lake Albert Nyanza, 
'Dennys, Folk Lore of China, p. 57. 
2 *Chinigchinich”’ in Robinson's California, pp. 271, 272. 
3 The reader interested in this matter may find something bearing upon it in Diego Duran, lib. 1, cap. 
36, p. 387; Torquemada, Mon. Indiana, lib. 9, cap. 3; Venegas, History of California, vol. 1, p. 105; 
Gomara, Cong. de Mexico, p. 443; Herrera, dec. 4, lib. 8, p. 158; Maximilian of Wied, p. 431, and others; 
The ‘‘pelucas”’ mentioned of the Orinoco tribes by Padre Gumilla would seem to be nothing more than 
feather head-dresses; p. 66. 
4 Tribes and Languages of Costa Rica, Proc. Am. Philos. Soc., Philadelphia, 1875, p. 503. 
® Corbusier, in American Antiquarian, Sept., 1886, p. 279. 
© Source of the Nile, p. 567 
7 Vol. 2, p. 193. 
8 Ensayo Cronologico, p. 139. 
