BOURKE.] WAR TROPHIES. 489 
The four front teeth were extracted by the men and women of the 
Latooka and other tribes of the White Nile, but no explanation is given 
of the custom.! 
In Dahomey, strings of human teeth are worn.? 
Freycinet saw in Timor, Straits of Malacca, ‘a score of human jaw- 
bones, which we wished to purchase; but all our offers were met by the 
word ‘pamali,’ meaning sacred.” 
In one of the ““morais” or temples entered by Kotzebue in 1818, on 
the Sandwich Islands, there were two great and ugly idols, one repre- 
senting aman, the other a woman. ‘The priests made me notice that 
both statues, which had their mouths wide open, were furnished with a 
row of hunian teeth.’ 
The Sandwich Islanders kept the jaw bones of their enemies as 
trophies.° King Tamaahmaah had a “spitbox which was set round 
with human teeth, and had belonged to several of his predecessors.”® 
Among some of the Australian tribes the women wear about their 
necks the teeth which have been knocked out of the mouths of the boys 
atacertain age.’ This custom of the Australians does not obtain among 
the North American tribes, by whom the teeth, as they fall out, are 
carefully hidden or buried under some tree or rock. At least, [ have 
been so informed by several persons, among others by Chato, one of 
the principal men of the Chiricahua Apache. 
Molina speaks of the customs of the Araucanians, who, after torturing 
their captives to death, made war flutes out of their bones and used the 
skulls for drinking vessels." The Abipones of Paraguay make the bones 
of their enemies into musical instruments.? 
The preceding practice is strictly in line with the “medicinal” and 
“magical” values attached in Europe to human teeth, human skin, ete. 
The curious reader may find much on this subject in the works of From- 
mann, Beckherius, Etmuller, Samuel Augustus Flemming, and others 
of the seventeenth century, where it will be shown that the ideas of the 
people of Europe of that period were only in name superior to those of 
the savages of America, the islands of the South Seas, and of Central 
Africa. In my work upon “The Scatalogic Rites of all Nations ” I have 
treated this matter more in extenso, but what is here adduced will be 
sufficient for the present article. 
The skin of Ziska, the Bohemian reformer, was made into a “medicine 
drum” by his followers. 
‘Sir Samuel Baker, The Albert N’yanza, Philadelphia, 1869, p. 154 et seq. 
? Burton, Mission to Gelele, vol. 1, p. 135 et seq. 
5 Voyage Round the World, London, 1823, pp. 209, 210. 
‘Kotzebue, Voyage, London, 1821, vol. 2, p. 202. See also Villaguitierre, cited above. 
’ Capt. Cook’s First Voyage, in Pinkerton’s Voyages, London, 1812, vol. 11, pp. 513, 515. 
© Campbell, Voyage Round the World, N. Y., 1819, p. 153. 
7 Frazer, Totemism, Edinburgh, 1887, p. 28. 
® Historia de Chile, Madrid, 1795, vol. 2, p. 80. 
*Spencer, Desc. Sociology. 
