510 MEDICINE-MEN OF THE APACHE. 
that they cast much meale of Maiz upon the ground for the horses to 
tread upon.” ! 
Tam under the impression that the ruins of this village are those near 
the ranch of Mr. Thomas V. Keam, at Keam’s Canyon, Arizona, called 
by the Navajo “ Talla-hogandi,” meaning “ singing house,” in reference 
to the Spanish mission which formerly existed there. This village is, 
as I have hitherto shown, the ruin of the early pueblo of Awaétubi. 
In his poem descriptive of the conquest of New Mexico, entitled 
“Nueva Mejico,” Alcala de Henares, 1610, Villagra uses the following 
language :? 
Passando a Mohoge, Zibola, y Zuni, 
Por cuias nobles tierras descubrimos, 
Una gran tropa de Indios que venia, 
Con cantidad harina que esparcian, 
Sobre la gente toda muy apriessa, 
Y entrando assi en los pueblos las mugeres 
Dieron en arrojarnos tanta della, 
Que dimos en tomarles los costales, 
De donde resulto tener con ellas, 
Unas carnestolendas bien renidas. 
It is gratifying to observe that the Spanish writer in the remote wilds 
of America struck upon an important fact in ethnology: that the throw- 
ing of “harina” or flour by the people of Tusayan (Mohoce or Moqui), 
Cibola, and Zuni (observe the odd separation of ‘ Zibola” from either 
Moqui or Zuni) was identical with the ‘“ carnestolendas” of Spain, in 
which, on Shrove Tuesday, the women and girls cover all the men they 
meet with flour. The men are not at all backward in returning the 
compliment, and the streets are at times filled with the farinaceous dust. 
“Harina de maiz azul” is used by Mexicans in their religious cere- 
monies, especially those connected with the water deities.* The Pe- 
ruvians, when they bathed and sacrificed to cure themselves of sickness, 
“untandose primero con Harina de Maiz, i con otras cosas, con muchas, 
i diversas ceremonias, i lo mismo hacen en los Banos.”* The kunque of 
the Peruvians very closely resembled that of the Zuni. We read that 
it was a compound of different-colored maize ground up with sea shells.° 
The Peruvians had a Priapie idol called Hua-can-qui, of which we 
read: “ On offre a cette idole une corbeille ornée de plumes de diverses 
couleurs et remplie Vherbes odoriférantes; on y met aussi de la farine 
de mais que Yon renouvelle tous les mois, et les femmes se lavent la 
1 Hakluyt, Voyages, vol.3, p.470. ‘‘ Echavan mucha harina de maiz por el suelo para que la pisassen 
los caballos.’—Padre Fray Juan Gonzales de Mendoza, De las Cosas de Chino, ete.,Madrid, 1586, p. 172. 
See also the Relacion of Padre Fray Alonso Fernandez, Historia Eclesiastica de Nuestros Tiempos, 
Toledo, 1611, pp. 15, 16. 
2P. 162. 
3 Diego Duran, vol. 2, cap. 49, pp. 506, 507. 
4 Herrera, dec. 5., lib. 4, cap. 5, p. 92. 
5 Padre Christoval de Molina, Fables and Rites of the Yneas, translated by Markham in Hakluyt Soc. 
Trans , vol. 48, p. 63, London, 1873. 
