530 MEDICINE-MEN OF THE APACHE. 
Grege! speaks of the “‘Comancheros” or Mexicans and Pueblos who 
ventured out on the plains to trade with the Comanche, the principal 
article of traffic being bread. Whipple? refers to this trade as carried 
on with all the nomadic tribes of the Llano Estacado, one of which we 
know to have been the eastern division of the Apache. The principal 
article bartered with the wild tribes was flour, i. e., cornmeal, 
In another place he tells us of “ Pueblo Indians from Santo Domingo, 
with flour and bread to barter with the Kai-o-was and Comanches for 
buffalo robes and horses.”* Again, Mexicans were seen with flour, 
bread, and tobacco, “bound for Comanche land to trade. We had no 
previous idea of the extent of this Indian trade.”* Only one other 
reference to this intertribal commerce will be introduced. 
Vetancurt® mentions that the Franciscan friars, between 1630 and 
1680, had erected a magnificent “temple” to ‘Our Lady of the Angels 
of Poreitneula,” and that the walls were so thick that offices were 
established in their concayities. On each side of this temple, which 
was erected in the pueblo of Pecos (situated at or near the head of the 
Pecos River, about 30 miles southeast of Santa Fé, New Mexico, on 
the eastern rim of the Llano Estacado), were three towers. At the foot 
of the hill was a plain about one league in circumference, to which the 
Apache resorted for trade. These were the Apache living on the 
plains of Texas. They brought with them buffalo robes, deer skins 
and other things to exchange for corn. They came with their dog- 
trains loaded, and there were more than five hundred traders arriving 
each year. 
Observe that here we have the first and only reference to the use of 
dog trains by the Apache who in every other case make their women 
earry all plunder in baskets on their backs. In this same extract from 
Vetancurt there is a valuable remark about Quivira: “ Este es el paso 
para los reinos de la Quivira.” 
ANALOGUES OF HODDENTIN. 
In the citation from the Spanish poet Villagra, already given, the sug- 
gestion occurs that some relationship existed between the powder scat- 
tered so freely during the Spanish “carnestolendas” and the *‘kunque” 
thrown by the people of Tusayan upon the Spaniards and their horses 
when the Spaniards first entered that country. This analogy is a very 
striking one, even though the Spaniards have long since lost all idea 
of the meaning of the practice which they still follow. It is to be 
noted, however, that one of the occasions when this flour is most freely 
‘Commerce of the Prairies, vol. 2, p. 54. 
2 Pacific R. R. Report, 1856, vol. 3, pt. 1, p. 34. 
3Tbid., p. 34. 
4Tbid., p. 38. 
» Los Apaches traian pieles de cibolas, gamuzas y otras cosas, 4 hacer cambio por maiz.’ ** Venian 
con sus reeuas de perros cargados mas de quinientos mercaderes cada ano.'’-—Teatro Mexicano, 
vol. 3, p. 323. 
