534 MEDICINE-MEN OF THE APACHE. 
The Indians from the North Pacific coast seen visiting the mission 
of San Francisco, by Kotzebue in 1816, “had their long disordered 
hair covered with down.” ! 
3anecroft says of the Nootka of the northwest coast of British 
America: ‘the hair is powdered plentifully with white feathers, which 
are regarded as the crowning ornament for manly dignity in all these 
regions.” ? 
The bird’s down used by the Haida of British North America in 
their dances seems very closely related to hoddentin. They not only 
put it upon their own persons, but “delight to communicate it to their 
partners in bowing,” and also “ blow it into the air at regular intervals 
through a painted tube.” They also scattered down as a sign of wel- 
come to the first European navigators. * 
Tn all these dances, ceremonial visits, and receptions of strangers the 
religious element can be discerned more or less plainly. The Indians 
west of the Mississippi with whom Father Hennepin was a prisoner in 
1680, and who appear to have been a branch of the Sioux (Issati or 
Santee and Nadouessan), had a grand dance to signalize the killing 
of a bear. On this occasion, which was participated in by the “ prin- 
cipaux chefs et guerriers,” we learn that there was this to be noted in 
their dress: “ayant méme leurs cheveux frottez @huile d’ours & parse- 
mez de plumes, rouges & blanches & les tétes chargées de duvet 
Moiseaux.” 
‘“Swan’s and bustard’s down” was used by the Accancess [i. e., the 
Arkansas of the Siouan stock] in their religious ceremonies.’ 
Of the war dress of the members of the Five Nations we learn from 
an early writer: ‘Their heads [previously denuded of all hair except 
that of the crown| are painted red down to the eye-brows and sprinkled 
over with white down.” ® 
The Indians of Virginia at their war dances painted themselves to 
make them more terrible: ‘‘ Pour se rendre plus terriblee, ils sement 
des plumes, du duvet, ou du poil de quelque béte sur la peinture toute 
fraiche.”* Down was also used by the medicine-men of the Carib.* 
The down of birds was used in much the same way by the tribes of 
Cumana, a district of South America not far from the mouth of the 
Orinoco, in the present territory of Venezuela; by the Tupinambis, of 
Brazil, who covered the bodies of their victims with it;!° by the Chirib- 
5 
1 Voyage, vol. 1, p. 282. 
2Native Races, vol. 1, p. 179. 
3Tbid., vol. 1, pp. 170, 171. 
4Pére Louis Hennepin, Voyage, ete., Amsterdam, 1714, pp. 339-240. Ibid., translated by B. I. 
French, in Historical Collections of Louisiana, pt. 1, 1846. 
5 Joutel’s Journal, in Historical Collections of Louisiana, tr. by B. I. French, pp. 181, 1846. 
®Maj. Rogers, Account of North America, in Knox's Voyages, vol. 2, London, 1767, p. 167. 
7 Picart, Cérémonies et Cottumes Religieuses, ete., Amsterdam, 1735, yol. 6, p. 77. 
®Tbid., p. 89. 
* John De Laet, lib. 18, cap.4; Gomara, Hist. de las Indias, p. 203; Padre Gumilla, Orinoco, pp. 68, 96. 
1° Hans Staden, in Ternaux-Compans, Voyages, vol. 3, pp. 269, 299. 
