BOURKE. ] GALENA. 549 
mark. The natives would be likely to make use of their most sacred 
powder upon first meeting with mysterious strangers like Vaca and his 
companions. So, when the expedition of La Salle reached the mouta of 
the Ohio, in 1680, the Indians are described as fasting and making 
superstitious sacrifices; among other things, they marked themselves 
with “black earth” and with *‘ground charcoal.” ‘‘Se daban con 
Tierra Negra 0 Carbon molido.”! 
From an expression in Burton, I am led to suspect that the applica- 
tion of kohl or antimony to the eyes of Arabian beauty is not alto- 
gether for ornament. ‘‘ There aremany kinds of kohl used in medicine 
and magic.” 
Corbusier says of the Apache-Yuma: ‘*Galena and burnt mescal are 
used on their faces, the former to denote anger or as war paint, being 
spread all over the face, except the chin and nose, which are painted 
red.” 3 
In Coleman’s Mythology of the Hindus, London, 1832, page 165, may 
be found a brief chapter upon the subject of the sectarial marks of the 
Hindus. With these we may fairly compare the marks which the 
Apache, on ceremonial occasions, make upon cheeks and forehead. 
The adherents of the Brahminical sects, before entering a temple, must 
mark themselves upon the forehead with the tiluk. Among the Vish- 
nuites, this is a longitudinal vermilion line. The Seevites use several 
parallel lines in saffron. Maurice adds that the Hindus place the tiluk 
upon their idols in twelve places... ‘Among the Kaffir the warriors 
are rendered invulnerable by means of a black cross on their foreheads 
and black stripes on the cheeks, both painted by the Inyanga, or 
fetich priest.” ° 
A piece of galena weighing 74 pounds was found in a mound near 
Naples, Ulinois.7. Occasionally with the bones of the dead are noticed 
small eubes of galena; and in our collection is a ball of this ore, weigh- 
ing a pound and two ounces, which was taken from a mound, and which 
probably did service, enveloped in raw hide, as some form of weapon.® 
Galena was much prized by the former inhabitants of North America. 
“The frequent occurrence of galena on the altars of the sacrificial 
mounds proves, at any rate, that the ancient inhabitants attributed a 
peculiar value to it, deeming it worthy to be offered as a sacrificial gift.”9 
See also Squier and Davis." 
1 Barcia, Ensayo Cronologico, Madrid, 1723. 
2 Arabian Nights, Burton's edition, vol. 8, p. 10, footnote. 
3 American Antiquarian, September, 1886, p. 281. 
4 Maurice, Indian Antiquities, London. 1801, vol. 5, pp. 82 and 83. 
6Tbid., vol. 5, p. 85. 
® Schultze, Fetichism, N. Y., 1885, p. 32. 
7Paper by Dr. Jonn G. Henderson on ‘‘ Aboriginal remains near Naples, Ill.,"’ Smith. Rept., 1882. 
8 J. F. Snyder, “ Indian remaiis in Cass County, Illinois,’ Smith. Rept.. 1881, p. 575. 
* Ran, in Sm. Rept., 1872, p. 356. 
10* Ancient monuments of the Mississippi Valley,’ in Smithsonian Contributions, vol. 1, p. 160. 
