Characteristic Replies to Mr. Burroughs 
is a scholar, a graduate of Bridge- 
water Normal School; of Harvard 
University ; of Andover Theologi- 
cal Seminary; of Heidelberg Uni- 
versity, where he took the degrees 
of A.M.and Ph.D.; anda student also 
of the Universities of Paris and Rome. 
He speaks four or five languages, reads as many more, 
and his specialties are philosophy and history. The 
study of nature and animal life is to him purely a recrea-. 
tion in a life of constant hard work; and it must be 
admitted that he brings to this study a rare training. If 
his observations are unusual, so also are his qualifica- 
tions and opportunities. For over twenty 
years he has spent part of each season, sum- 
mer or winter, deep in the woods. Some- 
times he has lived in the wilderness alone 
for months at a time; again he follows his 
animals with Indian hunters whose whole 
lives have been studies of the natural and 
animal worlds. 
Mr. Burroughs, who denies Dr. Long’s 
observations, has spent his life largely on 
the farm. Of the great wilderness and 
of the animals among whom Dr. Long is 
most at home, he has until recently had 
no direct knowledge or personal experi- 
ence. His observations of the smaller 
Ni animals and birds of the farm are accu- 
rate and excellent ; but there is absolutely 
nothing in these observations to preclude 
the possibility or even the probability of 
those recorded by Dr. Long. It is pass- 
ing the bounds of criticism, as well as of 
reason, to say that what one observer sees 
on his farm in New York must limit what another 
observer may see in the Maine wilderness — especially 
when one remembers the fact that is emphasized by 
most modern observers, namely, the individuality of 
every animal of the higher orders, which gives him 
habits more or less different from every other individual 
of the same species. 
4 
