1922] EDWARDS, GEOLOGICAL WORK AT RAINER NATIONAL PARK 59 



late as 1885 the glacier extended down to the site of the bridge over 

 the river. 



The movement of this glacier was measured by Prof. J. M. LeConte 

 of the University of California in 1903. He placed a row of stakes 

 set in line by surveying instruments across the surface of the glacier, 

 and by observing them later in the year, discovered that the central 

 portion of the ice moved at the rate of sixteen inches per day. The 

 sides and bottom of the glacier, due to the friction of the ice upon the 

 rocks, move at a much slower rate. The actual position of the end of 

 the glacier varies from day to day and from hour to hour, there being 

 a slight advance at night and a slight retreat during the day time. Also 

 the amount of yearly precipitation at the summit of the mountain and 

 along the course of the glacier is reflected in a corresponding advance 

 or retreat of the ice at its margin. 



Beyond Glacier Station the road commences an abrupt ascent along 

 the lava slopes of the mountain, climbing first around Ricksecker Point 

 and reaching Narada Falls at the crossing of Paradise river. Narada 

 Falls, shown in figure 32, is one of the most famous of the many wa- 

 terfalls in the park. Most of these falls are of great height, but in the 

 majority of cases, they are of considerably less volume than Narada. 

 Above Narada Falls the highway climbs even more steeply than be- 

 fore, and from one point four roads are seen on the mountain side, one 

 above the other. At the summit of this grade, Paradise Valley is 

 reached, and the road ends abruptly in front of the hotel. Paradise Inn. 



Here the party was outfitted in the regular costume for glacier 

 travel, including heavy boots with calked soles and a staff for use in 

 testing for hidden crevasses. It is also necessary to wear amber glasses 

 to protect the eyes from the dazzling brightness of the reflected sunlight 

 from the ice. When the sun is bright, it is necessary to paint the face 

 with grease paint, in order to prevent excessive sunburn and blistering 

 from this same source. And it must be remembered that the wearing 

 of a good broad-brimmed hat will not protect one, for it is not the direct 

 rays of the sun, but the light reflected up into the face from the surface 

 of the snow, that does the damage. Of course, after a considerable 

 time a heavy protective coat of tan is acquired, which makes painting 

 largely unnecessary. Thus, fully equipped, the party appeared as in 

 figure 33, and was ready to visit the lower portions of the Nisqually 

 Glacier, and to go out upon the ice. Mr. F. W. Schmoe, Park Natural- 

 ist of the National Park Service, guided us upon this expedition. A 

 rather moderate ascent from the front of the hotel directly toward the 



