1923] FULLER, THE ROSE FAMILY 151 



tree, the stoloniferous (clump-forming) and the non-stoloniferous 

 juneberries. 



The tree species occur throughout the state, the common june- 

 berry (A. canadensis (L.) Medicus) growing to be thirty feet high. 

 The showy white blossoms are borne in racemes. The fruit which 

 matures the last of June, is reddish-purple in color and rather dry 

 and tasteless. The smooth juneberry {A. laevis Wieg.) was for years 

 considered as a form of the common juneberry. The Menomini 

 Indians of Wisconsin recognized the differences long before Wiegand 

 had separated the two species, and they had distinct names for each.^^ 

 The smooth juneberry has characteristics similar to the preceding 

 species, but the fruit differs in that it is blackish, juicy and sweet. 

 A fruiting branch is illustrated in figure 82. 



The stoloniferous species propogate by runners the plants growing 

 in large colonies. The pasture juneberry (A. humilis Wieg.) grows 

 throughout the state, while the low juneberry (A. stolonifera Wieg.) 

 has been collected only in Door County. The plants are stiff and up- 

 right growing from one to five feet in height. The black, luscious 

 fruit of the pasture juneberry ripens in August, while the similar fruit 

 of the low juneberry matures in July. 



The low, solitary species range from four to eight feet in height. 

 The purple juneberry (A. sanguinea (Pursh) D. C.) is scattered 

 throughout Wisconsin while the northern juneberry {A. huronensis 

 Wieg.) has been collected only in the northeastern part of the state. 

 The flowers of both species are large and showy. The large, purplish- 

 black fruit matures in August and September. The leaves of the 

 northern juneberry are very woolly beneath, while those of the purple 

 juneberry are fairly smooth. 



All of the species hybridize freely and for this reason many speci- 

 mens are difficult to determine. The most common hybrids are: 

 the common with the smooth, the pasture with the smooth, and the 

 pasture with the purple. The fruit of all of the species, except the 

 common juneberry, is as delicious as blueberries and they should be 

 cultivated for it. 



The hawthorns are probably the most difficult of any of these 

 genera. They are very variable. Doubtless hybridization is the 

 cause of the variation but it would be a long difficult task to prove it. 

 In China, the hawthorn has been cultivated for centuries for its fruit 

 and while we do not care for the fruit, we find the tree very orna- 



s^Huron H. Smith, "Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indiana," Bulletin of the Milwaukee Public 

 Museum, Vol. IV., No 1, 1923. 



