1923] FULLER, THE ROSE FAMILY 153 



spines. The small flowers open in June. The small, orange-red fruit 

 ripens in October and remains on the tree until spring. 



The white thorn (C. punctata Jaeq.) is a tree twenty to thirty feet 

 high. The trunk becomes about one foot in diameter. The branch- 

 lets are armed with light orange-gray spines two to three inches long. 

 The large white flowers open the first part of June. The large, red 

 or bright yellow fruit is covered with numerous small white spots. 

 The fruit ripens and falls in October. 



The round-leaved hawthorn (C. rotundifoUa Moench.) seems to be 

 the only one of our species which is shrublike. It grows to twenty 

 feet in height. The short trunk, eight to ten inches in diameter, is 

 covered with a dark red to brown scaly bark. The small, dark 

 crimson fruit ripens and falls in October. 



The above synopsis of the hawthorns is given in hope that it will 

 help and also interest more folk in the group. Hawthorns are invalu- 

 able hedge plants and permit of rigorous pruning. Growing from the 

 seed is only possible, however, after the seeds have passed through the 

 alimentary canal of some grazing animal. 



The last group for discussion are the roses which are very variable. 

 Six species occur in the state; the smooth (R. blanda Ait.) the prickly 

 (R. acicularis Lindl.) the Arkansas (R. pratincola Greene), the swamp 

 (R. Carolina L.) the pasture (R. hwmilis Marsh) and the Virginian 

 {R. virginiana Mill). All of the species hybridize so much that it is 

 very hard to determine them and careful observation in the field is 

 necessary. J. H. Schuette, deceased, of Green Bay, spent many 

 years studying the roses. He divided the Marsh rose into eight varie- 

 ties and the smooth rose he treated likewise. He never realized satis- 

 factory results from his work. 



The smooth rose grows from one to five feet high. The plant is 

 usually free from prickles. The leaf consists of five to seven leaflets. 

 The large pink flowers are either solitary or borne in flattish clusters. 

 The bright scarlet fruit (hip), an inch long, is smooth. The smooth 

 stem and the smooth fruit are the chief characteristics which separate 

 it from similar species. 



The prickly rose is a low-growing bush ranging from one to five 

 feet in height. The stem is beset with numerous uniform straight 

 prickles. The large flowers usually are solitary. The fruit is smooth. 



The Arkansas rose is a low-growing shrub. The stem is beset 

 with numerous uniform prickles. The leaf consists of seven to eleven 

 leaflets. The flowers are borne in flattish clusters. The fruit is smooth. 



The Swamp rose is a very bushy species usually found in the low- 



