44 Director's Annual Report. 
The second camp was at the eastern end of the island near the 
mountain Kaunapahu and beside one of the many streams which 
unite to pour their waters into the head of Halawa valley. From 
this station trails were cut through to Wailau valley and then ex- 
tended to the left to reach the centre of the Halawa headwater 
country—a region which had never been thoroughly explored. 
The third, and in many ways the most successful camp, was 
made back of Moanui ranch, near the head waters of the Waialua 
stream. ‘The fourth and last station was directly back of Mapu- 
lehu, within a short distance of the pali of Wailau valley. From 
all of these stations, as centres, excursions were made in various 
directions. By reference to the map it will be seen that the forested 
eastern half of the island, which is the portion of greatest interest 
to the ornithologist, was accessible from the stations mentioned. 
From the different camps referred to I was able at least to visit all 
of the favorable localities, while the more important collecting 
grounds were very thoroughly explored. 
What has been said elsewhere' of the difficulties attending the 
collecting of birds in the mountains of the Hawaiian group is 
especially true of the mountains on Molokai. Indeed it is impossi- 
ble in a brief description to give an idea of a region so varied and 
broken, representing, as it does, all the main features of a wild 
semi-tropical forest and a group of volcanic mountains combined. 
For various reasons the wet bog forest at the head of Waikolu 
and Pelekunu valleys is conceded to be the most difficult collecting 
ground in the Hawaiian Islands. It is situated at a sufficient 
elevation to be drenched by almost continuous rains, and as a re- 
sult the verdure is always most luxuriant. Under foot, at all times, 
is a perfect quagmire up to one’s knees. Overhead the tangle of 
vines, aerial roots, ferns, bushes, and standing and fallen trees—all 
completely overgrown with moss and slime—are so woven together 
as to produce an almost impenetrable jungle. Great palis drop 
down perpendicularly for hundreds of feet. Narrow, fissure-like, 
forest-hidden valleys, running in all directions, add to the difficulty 
of getting about, while numerous vine-covered well-like holes, 
often a hundred or more feet deep, play no small part in furnishing 

"Notes on the Birds of Kauai, Bryan and Seale, Occ. Papers B. P. B. 
Mus., vol. i. no. 3. p. 129. Notes on the Birds of Waianae Mountains, Bryan, 
ibid volead) pa235), ctc: 
[134] 
